Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Plant diversity is maintained in the global collections of genetic resources. These collections are extremely valuable source of potentially useful genes required to obtain more productive varieties better adapted to environmental conditions. The our research objective was to determine the biological and qualitative indicators of an aboriginal Georgian winemaking white grapes variety of Goruli Mtsvane. The research was carried out in 2010-2014 on ampelographic collection of "All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko". Rkatsiteli variety was used as a control. The study was carried out using the modern and classical techniques. After comparative study of biological varieties indicators, we conclude that the variety of Gorali Mtsvane exceeds the control Rkatsiteli variety for the most of the indicators. It has higher productivity and yields, ripens a week earlier, has a higher sugar content and lower titratable acidity. In terms of micro-winemaking the output of must from Gorali Mtsvane was more than 60%. The must had a high degree of clarification and sufficient supply of extractive and aromatic substances involved in the formation of wine taste and their substances can be preserved for a long time. Wine was clear with gloss of light straw color, it has a harmonious fragrance with notes of wild herbs, the taste is full, harmonious with long pleasant aftertaste. Wine tasting score is 8,6-8,7, that is at the same level or above the control variety. By results of carried out research the grapes variety of Goruli Mtsvane is recommended for production plantings to change the Rkatsiteli grapes, which is not always standard under our conditions.

Annotation

Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov had been paid much attention to study of climatic requirements of varieties of cultivated plants. The global warming of climate which has began in the 70th of the XX century caused the change of bioclimatic capacity of regions. Trends of agric and climatic characteristics are local and various in the different regions of country. The references unanimously recognize the temperature factor as the most important factor of regulation of grapes phenology. A research objective is to carry out the regression analysis of dates of the beginning of phenophases of grapes varieties and their duration under the conditions of Nizhny Don Region. The research were conducted on ampelographic collection of the Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko. Long-term data (1981-2014) of phenological observation over 71 grapes varieties are analyzed. Duration of period from the beginning of bud break to the beginning of plants flowering completely depends on conditions of year; coefficient of correlation of duration of this period with average temperature - r=-0,91. Duration of period after flowering substantially depends on a variety. Phases of the bud break, flowering and maturing of berries of different varieties are beginning under conditions of Nizhny Don Region at the temperatures of 11-16º�, 20-24º�, 22-27º� respectively; the full maturity of berries is reached at temperatures of 26-15º�. Start date of bud break is strongly correlated with a date of transition of temperatures above 10º�, start date of blossoming is correlated with temperatures higher 20º�. The beginning of maturing and a full maturity of grapes berries pass practically through the constant for every variety number of days after the beginning of blossoming. These processes are being accelerated by temperatures above 20º� for early varieties and above 25º� - for later varieties.

Annotation

The article presents the results of a long-term study of the Don autochthonous grape variety Krasnostop Zolotovsky in comparison with the control variety Cabernet Sauvignon. The research was carried out in 2000-2019 at the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region), according to generally accepted methods in viticulture and National Standards. The varieties were studied in a covering grafted culture on the rootstock Kober 5 BB. It was found that both varieties have good following indicators: the percentage of burgeoning buds and fruitfulness shoots, fruitfulness coefficients. The Cabernet Sauvignon variety was inferior to the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety in terms of sugar content in berry juice throughout the entire study period. Value of this indicator was on the level of 24.1 g/100 cm3 (Krasnostop Zolotovsky) and 20.9 g/100 cm3 (Cabernet Sauvignon) in average. The conventional yield capacity per hectare was 6.8 tons (Krasnostop Zolotovsky) and 6.6 tons (Cabernet Sauvignon). The physico-chemical parameters of the wines were confirmed to National Standards, had a good stockpile of extractive, phenolic, stains substances, a harmonious combination of sugars and acids, which allowed to obtain high-quality wines. The content of phenolic substances in wine from the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety was 2634 mg/dm3 ; the content in Cabernet Sauvignon wine was 2354 mg/dm3 . Wine from the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety over the years of research received higher taste assessments, which averaged 8.8 points, and Cabernet Sauvignon wine was assessed in average on 8.7 points. According to the results of the study of agrobiological, technological, uvological and economically valuable properties, the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety is not inferior to the control variety Cabernet Sauvignon. Over the course of 20 years of study, it has established itself as consistently producing high quality wine materials.

Annotation

The purpose of the research was to study comprehensively the group of Don autochthonous grapevine varieties with a view to justify the feasibility of introducing them into the assortment of vineyards in the Rostov Region for the production of wines of protected appellation of origin districts. The research was conducted in 2015-2019 at the Potapenko Don ampelographic collection (Novocherkassk). The object of the research were autochthonous Don grapevine varieties: Belobulaniy, Kumshatskiy Beliy, Champanchik Tsimlyanskiy, Champanchik�2, Sypun Cherniy, Stariy Goryun and Bessergenevsky No. 5; Sibirkoviy was a control for white varieties, Krasnostop Zolotovsky � for red ones. Varieties were studied in grafted culture on Cober 5BB rootstock. Covered grapevine culture was used without watering. The planting scheme was 3.0 x 1.5 m. Kumshatsky Beliy had the highest average mass of a bunch � 408 g. The varieties of Belobulaniy and Kumshatskiy Beliy had a very high estimated yield (17 t/ha or more). The varieties of Champanchik Tsimlyanskiy and Krasnostop Zolotovskiy had a very high sugar content of berry juice (more than 23 g/100 cm3). High degustation evaluations were given to table dry wines from the varieties of Kumshatskiy Beliy, Belobulaniy (at the level of the control grade Sibirkoviy � 8.8 points), and the Sipun Cherniy variety (8.8 points), the control Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety had 8.9 points. Based on the results of the study we conclude that the total positive agronomic traits and the quality of wine production of white technical grapevines of Kumshatskiy Beliy, Belobulanniy, and red technical Sipun Cherniy variety are promising varieties for introducing to the assortment of vineyards of the Lower Don area, to expand the range of quality wines of protected appellations of origin.

Annotation

Climate change poses the challenge of adapting the viticulture to the new natural resource potential of the regions. A necessary condition for this is the assessment and analysis of current trends in the agrobiological characteristics of varieties. The purpose of the research was to determine the agrobiological parameters under the conditions of the Lower Don Region and to give a technological assessment of wine materials from the Rhenish Riesling, Italian Riesling, and Muscat Riesling varieties in comparison with the control Rkatsiteli variety. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 at the Ya.I. Potapenko Don ampelographic collection (Novocherkassk). Riesling variety had the largest yield (12.5 t/ha), Italian Riesling was in second position (9.5 t/ha), and Rhenish Riesling was at the level of the control variety of Rkatsiteli (5.6 t/ha). The studied varieties of physical and chemical indicators of wine materials met the requirements of State Regulations. The sugar content of the berry juice was medium and high, and the titrated acidity was medium. The studied wines received tasting ratings from 8.6 to 8.9 points, the control variety Rkatsiteli � 8.5-8.6 points. Wine of the varieties Italian Riesling and Rhine Riesling received the highest tasting scores. The Muscat Riesling is not as famous as the Rhenish Riesling and the Italian Riesling, however, the quality of the wine was estimated from 8.6 to 8.7 points. It can be concluded that the studied grape varieties � Rhenish Riesling, Italian Riesling and Muscat Riesling have adapted well to the conditions of the Lower Don Region, and are superior to the control variety Rkatsiteli in terms of main economic and valuable characteristics. Wines from these varieties were distinguished by elegant, pale straw color, well-developed aroma, with clearly traced varietal characteristics.