Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Winter Marina


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Articles in journal: (total 7)

pdf
587 Кб
8 с.
Breeding and production of planting material
Date posted: 09.07.2018
UDC: 634.1:631.53:632.3
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-4-52-42-49
Keywords: PLUM, APPLE-TREE, PLANTING MATERIAL, NURSERYNG, IN VITRO, SERTIFICATION, SANITATION

Annotation

The work is based on the results of own research and analysis of information and literature data. It is found out that a predominant place among cultivated in Russia at present planting fruit crops takes apple (76 %). Among other crops the plum is leading 60 % in its segment. Quality of cultivated material is different: from low level to world standards. The high level of competition with our own producers and imported plant material enhances the high quality of the produced seedlings. The article reflects the basic domestic nursery problems, their causes and possible solutions. This also applies to imported seedlings: assortment of imported varieties of fruit crops, varieties adaptability problems to our climate, demand for seedlings and fruits on the domestic market, phytosanitary status of seedlings. Solving of problems requires not only the active state support in the area of subsidies of planting production, adjustment of approaches to sapling import, trust to domestic nurserysts, but also a competent production control processes, including through the certification of propagation material. Domestic producers (garden farms) realized the need to establish the gardens by sapling of higher quality classes. But now they're not ready to acquire in the domestic nurseries the virus free planting material on its market value. To solve the identified problems in the NCFSCHVW the Breeding-Nurseryng Center for the production of planting material of fruit crops of higher quality classes was created on the base of Experimental industrial farming. Putting into operation of all facilities of Breeding-Nurseryng Center will allow to ensure by virus free saplings the Southern Russia horticulture.

How to cite
Winter M., Sherbakov N. PRODUCTION OF PLANTING MATERIAL OF FRUIT CROPS IN RUSSIA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 52(4). pp. 42–49. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/04/05.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-4-52-42-49 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
421 Кб
9 с.
Breeding and production of planting material
Date posted: 14.07.2017
UDC: 634.1:631.53:632.3
Keywords: NURSERY, PRODUCTION OF SEEDLINGS, VIRUS-FREE PLANTING MATERIAL, FRUIT CROPS

Annotation

The article presents an analysis of the state of the nation nursery as a whole, notes the main problems and presents the possible ways to solve them. The deficit of own basic virus-free mother plantation and nurseries is one of the main reasons blocking the intensive development of horticulture in the Krasnodar Region. The transfer of nursery to the production of a healthy virus-free planting material is a priority to day. The scheme of plants healthy creating in-cludes several stages: phytosanitary and pomological monitoring, isolation of the initial plants; testing and retesting for the virus carrier; plant improvement car-ried out by a meristem manner under in vitro conditions; laying and maintenance of mother plant nursery of healthy plants; reproduction of a healthy planting material. The improving process is the most expensive stage in the planting material production scheme, which is subsidized in the developed countries by the State, and it in the end affects the cost of the seedling. In the our State we don't have such support, therefore there is an unequal competition with the foreign producers. In addition, there is no system of accreditation (certification) of nursery farms capable to produce the high-quality certified planting material in the Russia, and the planting material from small private nurseries is not of high quality. The absence of nurseries quarantine affects the phytosanitary condition of the seedlings, and an infected plant material enters in the country. Among the most dangerous diseases, it is noted the increase in the spreading of bacterial burn (Erwynia amilovora), of bacterial necrosis (or stem cancer Pseudomonas syringae), root cancers (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), plum pox (Plum pox potyvirus), strawberry anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds ), etc. There is a problem of import dependence on ensure of specialized technology for nursery farming. The conclusion is: only the elimination of existing problems can bring the nursery closer to world standards.

How to cite
Winter M. GROWING OF PLANTING MATERIAL OF FRUIT CROPS IN THE SYSTEM OF MODEN NURSERY [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2017. № 46(4). pp. 24–32. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/17/04/03.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
616 Кб
11 с.
Breeding and production of planting material
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.2:634.22:632.3
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-56-66
Keywords: PLUM, STONE FRUIT CROPS, SAPLINGS, NURSERY, REVITALIZING MOTH-ER PLANTATION, BACTERIAL CROWN GALL

Annotation

In this paper the results of work on studying and improvement of cultivation technology of landing material of plum and other stone fruit crops, free from bacterial crown gall are presented. The relevance of research is defined by great economic value of bacterial crown gall in the process of stone fruit crops cultivation. rown gall is the bacterial root disease of fruit and berry plants which is appeared in the form of tumors formation on roots and at root neck. Now the active expansion of the decease area is observed. Crown gall causes the greatest damage in the nurseries and at cultivation of trees in the young garden. On the basis of these own research and the analysis of references the system of measures including several stages is developed: the choice and preparation of the plot with carrying out of the bacteriological analysis and agrochemical inspection of the plot's soil, the preparation and sanitation of landing material, the laying of mother plantation, for its the works maintenance, the laying of fields for reproduction, the quarantine. During vegetation it is necessary to carry out monthly expeditious monitoring of phytosanitary condition of uterine plants and annual diagnostics of plants and soils regarding settling of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The period of operation of uterine plantings, free from root cancer not more than 12 years. These methodical approaches are for industrial technologies of nurseries improvement from bacterial cancer of roots, and they establish the general rules to the choice and preparation of the plot for laying of nursery, the ways and methods of maintenance of soils in the nursery, according to requirements to the grown-up landing and uterine material. These rules are intended for specialists of the specialized enterprises, which are engaged in reproduction of landing material for stone fruit crops.

How to cite
Buntsevich L., Winter M., Sherbakov N. IMPROVEMENT OF PLUM NURSERIES AND OTHER STONE FRUIT CROPS FROM BACTERIAL CROWN GALL, MODERN METHODICAL APPROACHES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 56–66. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/06.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-56-66 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
555 Кб
20 с.
Breeding and production of planting material
Date posted: 17.09.2021
UDC: 635:631.532:58.084.1
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-5-71-96-115
Keywords: HORTICULTURAL CROPS, CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION, DESINFECTION, DIAGNOSTICS, GENETIC STABILITYBILITY

Annotation

The issue of obtaining planting material for fruit crops, free from pathogens, including viruses and phytoplasma, is of high relevance at the present time. The use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics is an important element in the production of improved planting material, since it allows not only to obtain plants in the culture of meristems in vitro and to produce their microclonal propagation, but also allows control the presence of viral and phytoplasmic pathogens, the identification of which by external symptoms can be difficult due to the presence of a latent form of disease. The article presents the results of the implementation of complex studies on microclonal reproduction of various crops of fruit crops, as well as an analysis of modern scientific literature on this topic. In addition, the results of molecular genetic studies in the part of the analysis of the genetic stability of plants obtained in vitro and the identification of viruses are presented. It was noted that at all stages of micropropagation, including the use of a culture of meristems, it is often necessary to develop variety-specific protocols. Optimal protocols for sterilization of explants of pome and stone fruit cultures using disinfecting tablets "OKA-TAB" and antimicrobial preparation BIO-PAK have been developed. The dependence of the intensity of the release of phenolic compounds by explants and their further necrotization upon introduction into culture in vitro on the phases of development and the age of donor plants was revealed. The optimal concentrations of nutrient media components, as well as phytohormones, have been established for a number of varieties and rootstocks of pome and stone fruit crops of domestic breeding. As part of the analysis of the genetic stability of plants obtained under in vitro conditions, ISSR and IRAP DNA markers have been identified that are promising for use for these purposes on apple stocks (ISSR: UBC 811, UBC 841 and UBC 843; IRAP: Cass 1 and ass 2). When analyzing the genetic stability of the rootstocks of large-stone cultures using ISSR DNA markers, the identity of the DNA profiles was revealed, which testifies to the preservation of genetic stability for this rootstock using the developed micropropagation protocols. Based on the use of a complex of biotechnological and molecular genetic methods, genetically homogeneous rootstocks of stone fruit cultures, free from the virus pox disease of plum, were obtained. These plants, after testing for other viruses of stone crops and in the absence of such, will be transferred to the category of candidates for initial and, after retesting, can be transferred to the category of initial plants and serve as a basis for further mass production of virus-free rootstocks.

How to cite
Suprun I., Winter M., Lobodina E., Al-Nakib E., Avakimyan A., Fedorovich S. KEY ISSUES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN REPRODUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. № 71(5). pp. 96–115. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/05/07.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-5-71-96-115 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
726 Кб
9 с.
Breeding and production of planting material
Date posted: 18.09.2018
UDC: 634.22: 632.1
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-5-53-82-90
Keywords: PLUM-TREE, PPV, TOLERANCE, GRAFTING WITH BUDS, SURVIVAL, SAPLINGS

Annotation

The urgency of stud is caused by the high economic value of Sharkey's virus (PPV), determined by the losses of productivity and quality of plum fruits. In receptive plum varieties also of other stone fruit crops the infection by Sharkey's virus leads to shedding of the fruits, and ulcers on the surface of fruits. Virus infection is manifested symptomatically in tolerant plants, but does not affect, to the expressed degree the anatomical-morphological and functional state of the infected organisms. The purpose of this work was the study of the plum tolerance to Sharkey's virus (PPV) and the revealing of regularities of the change in the receptivity of plum to this virus in the course of reproduction by the method of inoculation (budding). In the experiment there are three plum varieties: Stanley, Donetskaya and Kubanskaya Rannia. In the process of experiments the regeneration of buds from the infected symptomatic and infected asymptomatic mother trees is studied. Virus carrying of the plum plants is confirmed by OT-PCR testing. The results show that the buds from the symptomatic mother plum trees, virus carriers PPV, survive more badly than buds from the asymptomatic mother trees, also the virus PPV carriers. The level of survival in the version with the buds from the symptomatic trees on the average to 17% lower than those of the version with the asymptomatic trees, and to 27 % lower than in the control version with the virus-free trees. The reason for reduction in the survival of buds infected Sharkey's virus of plum on the virus-free rootstock is the property of Sharkey's virus to cause the corking of the undifferentiated plant tissues. During ripening of fruits, for instance, this property of plum Sharkey leads to premature shaping of the separating layer between the leafstalk and shoot, that in turn, causes the shedding of fruits (the month before the ripening).

How to cite
Buntsevich L., Winter M., Sherbakov N. THE STUDY OF PLUM TOLERANCE TO POX VIRUS (PPV) ON THE CRITERION BUD SURVIVAL DURING VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION IN VIVO [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 53(5). pp. 82–90. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/05/08.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-5-53-82-90 (request date: 28.03.2024).