Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

ο»Ώ

Podgornaya Marina


Candidate of Biological Sciences

Articles in journal: (total 20)

pdf
463 Кб
7 с.
Manage environmental and food safety
Date posted: 09.07.2018
UDC: 632.95 : 634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-4-52-68-74
Keywords: FUNGICIDES, TEBUCONAZOLE, SOIL, GRAPES, TOXIC RESIDUES

Annotation

The impact of toxic chemicals on the vineyards and adjacent areas is enhanced due to inclusion in the new preparations of previously used active substances, characterized as highly toxic substances. Ecological and toxicological danger for the ecosystem of ampelocenoses is represented by preparations of long storage, primarily in the soil of the vineyards these preparation used. Their aggressiveness to microbes and bacterias speeds up the processes of soil degradation, and their partial migration in the ecosystem "soil-plant-grapes" pollutes the products with toxic chemicals. Organ-ic fungicides of the systemic action of the triazole group (falcon, wagon, colossal, spike) are combined by the presence in their composition of the tebuconazole active substance, distinguished by the duration and stabil-ity of preservation in the ecosystem of ampelocenoses. The purpose of this work is to study the interconnec-tion of the technogenic fungicides load containing tebuconnazole, and the ecological-toxicological state of ampelocenoses. The determination of the toxic residues was carried out according to generally accepted methods using chromatographs: gas "Color 500M", liquid "KNAUER" and atomic absorption spectrophotometer "Kvant-AFA". The research was carried out in the main agroecological viticulture zone of Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory (Agrofirm "Yuzhnaya") in two vineyard plots with an area of 5 hectares, under the same agrical and technological conditions. Option 1 – annual industrial treatment with fungicides containing tebuconazole; Option 2 – in the last year of study the fungicides studied were not used: they were changed by system fungicides of another group and this change allow us to determine the contamination of grapes with tebuconazole, migrating from the soil. As a result of the research, it was established, that the persistent and cumulative properties of tebuconazole, accumulated by soil, in 5 times higher than the permissible standards. The contamination of grapes with toxic residues of tebuconazole has been revealed.

How to cite
Vorobyova T., Podgornaya M. TOXIC RESIDUES OF ORGANIC FUNGICIDES IN THE ANTROPOGENIC TRANSFORMING SOIL OF AMPELOCENOSES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. β„– 52(4). pp. 68–74. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/04/08.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-4-52-68-74 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
457 Кб
9 с.
Phytosanitary condition of plants
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 632.95:634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-173-181
Keywords: FUNGICIDES, ACTING SUBSTANCES, STRUCTURE, SOIL, GRAPES, TOXIC RESIDUES, DEGRADATION

Annotation

The most effective means of vineyards protection for fungal diseases are the treatment of plants with systemic fungicides. Long-term use of fungicides leads to their accumulation in the ecosystem of vineyards, where they can persist for a long time in the soil in its original form and partially migrate to plants and grapes. Preserving in the soil, the preparations reduce the functioning of beneficial soil microflora, worsen the properties and structure of the soil, intensifying the process of soil degradation. Soil toxic residues, accumulating in the grapes, do not ensure its food safety. The greatest efficiency, but also and environmental hazard, is represented by third- generation fungicides, consisting the previously used active ingredients – Falcon, CE (spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol), Universal SP (tebuconazole), Kolosal, CE (tebuconazole), Kolosal Pro, KME (propiconazole + tebuconazole), having a complex structure that ensures their synergism and cumulativeness. The purpose of the work is to establish the degradation of organic fungicides of complex structures in the ecosystem of ampelocenoses. The residues of the studied fungicides in the soil were determined by well-known methods using a Tsvet 500M gas chromatograph. Research took a place in the vineyards of the specialized economies of the Black Sea coast against the background of long of use of these fungicides. Option 1 of the experiment – the lack of treatments with fungicides in the current season; Option 2 – fungicide treatments were carried out during research season. It has been established that in soil the toxic residues are detected 10 months after the last treatment in amounts exceeding the MPC by 4,7 times (tebuconazole); 5,2 times (propiconazole); 9,5 times (triadimenol). Some of them, migrate from the soil and accumulate in the grapes, that do not ensure its food safety.

How to cite
Vorobyova T., Podgornaya M., Belkov A. THE DEGRADATION OF FUNGICIDES OF COMPLEX STRUCTURES WHEN PROTECTING THE VINEYARD FROM DISEA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. β„– 61(1). pp. 173–181. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/14.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-173-181 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
228 Кб
4 с.

Phytosanitary condition of plants
Date posted: 15.03.2017
How to cite
Podgornaya M. [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2017. β„– 44(2). pp. 1–4. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/17/02/01.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
663 Кб
14 с.
Phytosanitary condition of plants
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 632.9
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-240-253
Keywords: PROTECTION SYSTEM, BIOLOGIZATION, BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION, NURSERY FARMING, DISEASES, VERMINS

Annotation

This article presents an analytical review of modern world literature sources related to elements of technology for protecting the sapling in nursery farming from diseases and vermins. The data in presented presents on the state of nursery in the Russian Federation and abroad at present, the main problems of nursery development are shown. Analysis of literary sources of 2018-19 confirms the data obtained in previous years shown that in order to grow healthy, quality planting material, it is necessary to observe the complex methods: agrotechnical, biological, phytosanitarian and chemical, which include several stages. The first stage is to determine the state of the soil, the article shows how to clean the soil from pesticides and pathogen residues, to increase in soil microflora, to reduce soil degradation. The second stage is to select the source material, which should be healthy, varietal and adapted to local environmental conditions. The third stage is the study, classification and phytosanitary monitoring of vermins and diseases of sapling. The main diseases of saplings in the nursery are root cancer (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) and root rot (Phytophtora cactorum). The main vermins are various types of grub, aphids, ticks, goldfish, leafworms, mice and hares. Phytosanitary monitoring is carried out by a manual or modern automated method, using aerial photographs and drones. The fourth stage – measures to control vermins and diseases: the use of microbiological and chemical pesticides; trapping and disorientation of pests using pheromones; restrain of vermins number by entomophages; weed control using special techniques for weeding row spacing.

How to cite
Didenko N., Podgornaya M. INTEGRATED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF FRUIT CROPS PROTECTION IN THE NURSERY [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. β„– 63(3). pp. 240–253. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/18.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-240-253 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
148 Кб
9 с.
Phytosanitary condition of plants
Date posted: 15.07.2015
UDC: 632.951:631.811:577.1:634.11
Keywords: GROWTH REGULATOR, BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF QUALITY, PRODUCTIVITY, APPLE VARIETY, INSECTICIDES

Annotation

In the recent years under the conditions of the South of Russia the strengthening of influence of stressful environmental impacts on of fruit plantings productivity is observed. It is necessary to refer to stressful influence the application of chemical means of plants protection also. The complex use of fertilizers and biologically active agents can be the ways of decrease in negative stressful impacts. The results of study of influence of complex application of insecticides with the growth regulator of Atonic Plus on agribiological and qualitative indicators of Golden Delishes apple-tree are given in the article. In 2010-2014, when a high number of a grapes-berry moth (from 24,4% to 72,0%) and stressful influence of the environment, the technology of phytophage regulation on the basis of complex application of chemical and microbiological insecticides is offered, that technology provided the control of a grapes-berry moth at the level of 94,4-98,9%. It is established that inclusion in the processing system of the growth regulator of Atonik Plus increased in length of one-year shoots of an apple-trees on 8,18 cm and the areas of leaf surface increased on 12,52 cm2. The smaller fall of fruits is noted, and it leds to an increase in a crop of apples on 8,6 t/hectare, in comparison with the control. It is shown that the application in the tank of mixture of the offered insecticides and the growth regulator of Atonik Plus promoted the improvement of biometric indicators of apple fruits. The more accumulation of organic acids (malic and amber) and biologically active ions of potassium (on 63 mg/dm3) and sodium (on 12,1 mg/dm3) and decrease in concenration of dry substances is noted (for 1,1%). These changes have led to increase in duration of fruits storage.

How to cite
Podgornaya M., Piotrovskaya Y. INCREASE OF AGRIC BIOLOGICAL AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS OF GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE-TREE AS A RESULT OF ATONIC PLUS GROWTH REGULATOR'S APPLICATION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2015. β„– 34(4). pp. 127–135. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/15/04/11.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).