Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The main goal of this work is to assess the adaptability and biometric parameters of the scion-rootstock combinations of Sakura under the conditions of urban environment. The greening in the modern urban landscape involves the presence of beautifully blooming trees of different heights and crown volume. According to this aim, in our study we analyzed the effect of clonal rootstocks VSL-2 (breeding of Krymsk ESS branch of WIR), 3-76, 5-44, 5-42, 3-114, 7-42 (breeding of FSBSI NCFSCHVW) at the height of the trees of popular varieties (Prunus Shirofugen serrulata, P. serrulata Kiku-shidare-sakura, P Burgundi Royal serrulata, P. serrulata Kanzan, Rexii (Kirhn). Sok) and promising forms of Sakura, including NCFSCHVW breeding under the arboretums condition of Sochi and Krasnodar. For the experiment the forms (scion, rootstock), selected for resistance to coccomicous (pathogen � Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx)) in the collectional planting of NCFSCHVW were taken. The Vesenniy capris (AI1) form wasn�t defeat by coccomicous, even with the artificial infection, and shows the high resistance (100%). The forms, lesioned by moniliosis (causative agent � the fungus Monilia cinerea Bon.) were selected, there are Rexii (Kirhn) Sok, P. serrulata Kiku-shidare-sakura, Symphoniya nezhnosty. As a result of the study carried out, the lesion of the forms studied by the main pathogens under the conditions of humid subtropics of Sochi was estimated, the most adaptive combinations were identified, their height is determined. The influence of rootstocks and scions the growth and development of combinations of Sakura was shown. The obtained new data of the scion-rootstock combinations characteristics are necessary to develop the methods of original spatial and plastic accents that improve the urban environment and natural and climatic conditions of the South Region.

Annotation

Modern research Japan quince, as the fruit crops, returned to him with interest and in ornamental horticulture. The main problem of negative attitudes towards Japan quince in the landscaping of the South of Russia connected with the use of planting material of seed origin, that is, not the varietal. This constrains its mass use in gardening. 20 varieties of Japan quince, as a blossoming shrub, were studied and evaluated. The most decorative are nine varieties: 2 varieties of Ch. speciosa � 'Umbilicata� �Kermesina�, 5 varieties of Ch. × superba � �Crimson and Gold�, �Ernst Finken�, �Grenade�, �Clementine�, 'Orange Trail', and 2 varieties of Chaenomeles × vilmoriniana � �Afterglow�, �Vedrariensis�. It is shown that the flowering period of chaenomeles under the conditions of damp subtropics of Russia lasts from late November to May. Based on phenological observations, early (�Clementine�), medium (�Kermesina�) and late-flowering (�Vedrariensis�) varieties were identified. Low - growing henomeles include 'Orange Trail', medium-sized � �Grenade�, tall � �Ernst Finken�. Recommended for use in gardening varieties have flower color of white (�Afterglow�), orange ('Orange Trail'), pink (�Umbilicata�), red (�Crimson and Gold�) and multicolored (�Vedrariensis�). The study of biological characteristics of Chaenomeles varieties has shown their different relationship to environmental factors, among which the main importance is relation to drought. In the humid subtropics of Russia, preference should be given to Chaenomeles speciosa, as well as its hybrids Selection of this beautiful-flowering shrub in order to obtain highly ornamental and resistant varieties in the South of Russia is an actual and promising direction of scientific research.

Annotation

Forsythia is one of the most spectacular early-spring flowering shrubs. The genus Forsythia contains 13 natural species and several hybrid ones Forsythia × intermedia Zabel, Forsythia × mandschurica Uyeki., and complex hybrid Forsythia × intermedia Zabel. × Forsythia ovata Nakai.. Three species F. × intermedia Zabel., F. ovata Nakai F. intermedia Zabel. × F. ovata Nakai. were recommended for ornamental gardening in the humid subtropical zone of Russia. Morphological and biological characteristics of 15 varieties of 4 species: F. × intermedia ('Densiflora', 'Golden Times', 'Lynwood', 'Maluch', 'Mikador', 'Primulina', 'Spectabilis', 'Spring Glory', 'Vitellina', 'Week-end'), F. koreana 'Kumson', F. ovata 'Tetragold', F. intermedia × ovata ('Beatrix Farrand', 'Goldzauber', 'Parkdekor') were studied on the basis of the botanical garden "Tree of friendship", "Subtropical Botanical garden of Kuban", arboretum parks "Southern cultures" and "Dendrarium". Early-flowering F. × intermedia 'Densiflora' and F. × intermedia 'Spectabilis' of medium flowering period are recommended as the main varieties for landscaping objects of the Sochi Black sea region. The cultivar with the latest flowering period is Forsythia intermedia × ovata 'Beatrix Farrand'. The distinctive light color shade is noted for F. × intermedia 'Maluch'. The tallest variety is F. × intermedia 'Lynwood', and the shortest variety is F. × intermedia 'Mikador'. As a result of study carried out we made a conclution that it is necessary to continue work on attracting and testing the world assortment of forsythia in the region, as well as to start regional breeding research to obtain the new varieties resistant to stress-factors of region.