Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The paper presents the results of studies of trophic relationships of Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Torticidae) in the �parasitoid - insect-host� system in ampelocenoses. For the first time for the Anapa-Taman viticulture zone of the Krasnodar region, the species Bassus tumidulus (Nees, 1812) (Microdus tumidulus (Nees von Esenbeck, 1812), Therophilus tumidulus (Nees von Esenbeck, 1812) was established as a mass natural enemy of the European grape moth in the conditions of industrial plantings of grapes. During the observation period (2021-2023), this type of parasitoid was the most common in terms of the number of infected specimens of L. botrana, its frequency of occurrence exceeded that of other parasitoids recorded in these studies by 2.7 times. There is a lack of knowledge of the parasitoid fauna in the consortia formed around the European grape moth in ampelocenoses. Knowledge of trophic relationships of the main economically significant pest of the vineyards of the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region as a mechanism for regulating its abundance can help in the development of effective biologized protection measures in the fight against it. According to the results of extirpation, the seasonal dynamics of the flight of the adult parasitoid was revealed and compared with the life cycle of the harmful lepidopteran host. A complete adaptation of Bassus tumidulus to the target phases of the development of the European grape moth has been established. The conclusion is made about the specialization of the polyphage to this pest in the region. The characteristic features of Bassus tumidulus population dynamics were revealed, namely, an increase in the density of the hymenoptera population in ampelocenosis by the end of the growing season. The data of the biology of Bassus tumidulus, given in the literature, have been confirmed.

Annotation

In the paper the process of decomposition of data on the dynamics of the pest population flight in the form of a frequency binomial distribution and its primary statistical assessment is presented on an example of pheromone monitoring data of a European grape moth (Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff.) in the ampelocenoses of the Taman Peninsula. The observed and statistical indicators of the frequency distribution of the flight of this pest of three economically significant generations are presented. The following are presented: the beginning, the length of flight, the central trend of flught and the expected period of the central trend, and also, with significant limitations, the period of the mass flight of the pest is indicated, calculated as the standard deviation of the flight of all individuals in the period. Also, such indicators as kurtosis, asymmetry and others were calculated and presented, which allow to better understand the nature of the flight of the pest. According to the calculated data, following conclusions are drawn: the actually observed flight of the European grape moth is more uniform in comparison with the theoretical abstraction. At the same time, the first flight is more stretched and unstable than the subsequent mating periods, as indicated by the influence of abiotic environmental factors. Also, according to four generations, the period of full development of one generation of the European grape moth in field conditions has been established. The main probabilistic indicators and differences between the generations are presented. These data can help in understanding the age dynamics of the population of the European grape moth and its probabilistic nature to improve the forecast of pest development and the timing of protective measures. In the paper is also mentioned the falseness of terminology in the designation of flight periods, adopted both in the educational and scientific literature on the European grape moth, and among farmers.

Annotation

It is noted in the article that the theoretically modeled potential world range of invasion of a brown-marmorated stink bug based on abiotic conditions covers the vast territories of different continents. Today, this species appears in quarantine lists in the many countries of the world. This species has become an economically significant phytophage for many crops and in the countries of the Black Sea Region � Georgia and Abkhazia. The Krasnodar Territory is favorable for the harmful spread of brown-marmorated stink bug according to climatic conditions. The large phytosanitary risk for the agricultural crop production of the Kuban, and in particular for viticulture, induce to start the regular monitoring observations and the study of the bioecological characteristics of the invader in the conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia Region (Krasnodar Territory) in order to contain the invasion and to develop the control measures of phytofug spreading. This article provides an analysis of the scientific literature on the history of the global spread of a dangerous invasive species of vermins � the brown-marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys Stal. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Behavioral characteristics of his, the range of host plants, the nature of harm are described. The intensification of globalization processes, the increase in traffic flows, the climatic changes, and the huge biotic potential of the bug as wide polyphagia, high fecundity, vector and migration activity make him potentially dangerous vermin for agricultural crop production of the Krasnodar Territory and especially for fruit crops and grapes. Study carried out on monitoring the distribution of the invader in the territory of Western Ciscaucasia, verification the range of plants which this species began to damage, and the gender structure of populations have allowed to conclude that the species is in a state of active development for a new range.