Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Buntsevich Leonid
Articles in journal: (total 28)
The results of analytical research of modern technological practices in the orchard nursery and previous ones are presented. The forecast for nursery studies basic parameters of the 6th technological way is given.
The results of research of a susceptibility of 14 plum varieties to plum pox potyvirus (PPV) in the orchard of the Krasnodar territory are presented. Varieties are divided into groups according to a studied sign: susceptible, tolerant, potentially tolerant
An analytical review of international, national and own experience in study of ecology of photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in the apple tree is presented.
The meristems cultivation by a method of clonal microreproduction is the main way of production a qualitative virus-free landing material of fruits, berries and grapes cultures. High specificity of raspberry and gooseberry plantlets reaction on composition of nutrient medium during cultivation demands the individual selection of mediums components for the most successful reproduction in vitro of revitalized plants. This work is carried out in the Center of reproduction of fruit, berry crops and grapes of NRRIH&V. Object of research and improvement was the using now technique of production of the revitalized landing material of raspberry and a gooseberry varieties. The results of research on cultivation of raspberry and gooseberry meristems in vitro are presented in the article; the efficiency of various nutrient mediums is studied: Anderson, Lee De Fossard and 4 modifications of Murashige and Skoog (with various concentrations of biologically active substances and glycine). As a result of the research it is established that the most effective introduction in vitro culture of experimental varieties of raspberry and gooseberry (92% of meristems get accustomed) occurs on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium (1962) containing macro- and microelements by recipe, vitamins C 1,0 mg/l, B1 1,0 mg/l, B6 0,5 mg/l, nicotinic acid 0,5 mg/l, inositol 100 mg/l, sucrose of 20 g/l, agar-agar 8 g/l with the doubled content of iron chelate and without glycine amino acid.
The state, productivity and durability of gardens depend on quality of the produced saplings. The main indicator of saplings quality is their virus-free status. Besides, for the creation of modern intensive plantings the trees which are correctly created and early entering into fructification are required. Improvement of quality of landing material can be reached by means of development of special technologies and methods. The purpose of this work is the analysis of foreign and domestic achievements in the field of production of the revitalized landing material and definition of the main tendencies in the development of branch of a nursery industry. As the analysis of scientific publications has shown, the greatest number of practices is noted in two directions of development of a modern nursery industry of fruit and berry crops: the improvement of plants by the way in vitro and mikroclonal reproduction and the improvement of production technologies of landing material. The following directions of research have been selected: the development of optimal structure of nutrient mediums for micro reproduction of fruit and berry crops; the selection of disinfectants for sanitation of explants when introduction to culture and further reproduction; the optimization of physical factors of cultivation (lighting, temperature, humidity, etc.); the selection of optimal conditions for adaptation of microplants to in vivo conditions. It is concluded that the experience of the leading fruit-growing countries of the world (USA, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Poland, etc.) on use of the revitalized landing material has allowed these countries to ensure the high production efficiency of fruits and berries. Therefore now in Russia special relevance is acquired by the question of transfer of fruit growing branch on the use of the revitalized landing material is particularly urgent.