Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the industrial plantings of intensive orchards in the south of Russia, a wide range of apple clones of the Gala variety is cultivated. The variety of colors, high taste qualities, dense, juicy flesh makes the fruit attractive to consumers, so the variety is in great demand among the population around the world. Nowadays it is one of the most widely cultivated varieties of apple trees of the autumn ripening period. In connection with the appearance of new clones of the Gala variety grown in horticultural farms, the issues of determining the optimal harvest time, reasoned by the criteria of biochemical indicators of fruit quality, are relevant. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the criteria of biochemical indicators of the fruits quality of different clones of the Gala variety, which characterize the degree of maturity of apples growing in the south of Russia. As a result of the research carried out, a conveyor was installed for the maturation period, which allows to correctly plan the harvest. Among the varieties of clones of the Gala variety in the conditions of the south of Russia, the varieties Gala Mast, Gala Schniko red, Obra Galla, which differ in a larger fruit weight (160-170 g), are distinguished by high, competitive commercial qualities. The varieties Gala Schniko, Gala Schniko red, Gala Mast are distinguished by the high content of vitamin C and P-active substances. The most harmonious combination of sugar and acid, reflecting the taste qualities of the fruit, is characteristically for the varieties Obro Gala, Gala Mema, Gala Schniko. The high quality of the fruits sold in winter is largely ensured by the storage technology. To preserve the crop, post-harvest treatment of fruit with an ethylene inhibitor is recommended. Post-harvest treatment of apples with SmartFresh ensures maximum preservation of the initial hardness of the flesh, reduces the intensity of nutrient consumption during storage, and helps to extend the shelf life of apples.