Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The aim of the work is to evaluate the economic efficiency of grape production in the southern part of the coastal lowland of Dagestan. To determine the economic efficiency of grape production, the following indicators are taken into account: yield capacity, average sales price, cost of production, profit and profitability level. Calculations of the economic efficiency of research showed that it is determined primarily by the quality indicators of the yield, which is formed under the influence of growing conditions in a particular territory. It is revealed that in the production costs of the commercial farm unit, the largest share is occupied by remuneration and the maintenance of fixed-capital assets. The cost of grape production in 2010-2014 ranged from 11014 to 12485 thousand rubles and for the period 2016-2020 it ranged from 12396 to 18117 thousand rubles. It is established that the greatest increase in expenses in the commercial farm unit is associated with the use of energy resources, the purchase of spare parts, repair materials, fuel and lubricants, as well as with the implementation of protective measures against grape pests and diseases. Meanwhile, the costs associated with the application of organic and mineral fertilizers have been decreased. The analysis of the economic efficiency of individual industries shows that animal farming in a specialized winegrowing commercial farm unit should be of an auxiliary nature for the needs of domestic consumption. It is determined that the main factor determining the level of sustainability and efficiency of the industry is the transition to a new more intensive level of production, reducing of labor costs and material resources per unit of production, while increasing the yield of grape plantations.

Annotation

The analysis of the state of the viticultural and wine-making subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan in dynamics for 2014-2021 was carried out, the main problematic issues in the development of viticulture and winemaking hindering the development of this industry were specified, and the key directions and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan were identified. The problems and strategic directions of creating the most favorable conditions for viticulture and winemaking in the region to lift the economy, increase production and improve the efficiency of management are identified, based on the analysis of the state and development of the subcomplex, contributing to the socio-economic development of the region. Scientifically-based proposals have been put forward to improve the efficiency of viticultural farms in the region by strengthening state regulation, aimed at improving the material and technical base, eliminating the target disparity, job gaining, increasing yields, reducing costs. The produced strategy for the development of viticulture and winemaking i n the Republic of Dagestan for the period up to 2035 provides for the introduction of certain organizational and legal measures, including the implementation of constant monitoring and comprehensive price regulation of the market of grapes and wine products; the establishment of parity economic relations between the subjects of the viticultural and wine marketing vertical system, the improvement of insurance, tax and financial and credit policy in the field of viticultural and wine production. The approaches to the choice of the directions of the strategy for the development of production, marketing and increasing the efficiency of wine-making products of the processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the region are proposed. The necessity of modernization of the branches of viticulture and winemaking in Dagestan from the placement and technology of sustainable cultivation to processing and marketing in relation to modern conditions of the market economy, based on deepening specialization, vertical and horizontal integration, which provides for cooperation of all forms of ownership, ensures maximum added value, effective marketing, is established. It is shown that the strategy provides for amendments to the regulatory and legal acts of the Republic of Dagestan in order to disseminate measures of state support for measures aimed at increasing the volume of sales of grapes in fresh form to the population, providing processing enterprises with conditioned raw materials, creating additional jobs, increasing the average wage of workers in the industry and additional contributions to budgets of all levels.