Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester exhibit various physiological and biochemical effects in a wide range of plant cellular processes. However, there is no reliable available method for determining their mass concentration in complex biological objects. The objects of research were fresh leaves of Hibiscus rosa-chinensis, Sansevieria, Juglans regia L., Morus, Vítis. The aim of the research was to improve the analytical method for the quantitative determination of the mass concentration of jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate, to develop the conditions for preparing samples for analysis. To carry out the work, a capillary ion electrophoretic analyzer "Kapel 104T", a gas chromatograph "Kristall 2000M", a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GC-MS Perkin Elmer Clarus 600T were used. The approbation of the method of capillary electrophoresis and capillary gas chromatography for the quantitative determination of methyl jasmonate was carried out. The unsuitability of the method of capillary electrophoresis for the direct determination of methyl jasmont was established, and the possibility of determining methyl jasmonate after extraction with hexane by capillary gas chromatography was shown. An increased dosage of the hexane extract sample into the chromatograph was applied, which made it possible to achieve the required level of analysis sensitivity. Application of GC-MS method for identification of methyl jasmonate in hexane extract of leaves with a sensitivity threshold of 0.01 mg/dm3 is shown. The conditions of hydrolysis of plant samples � exposure time and concentration of potassium alkali � were found experimentally. For the subsequent quantitative determination of jasmonic acid, the method of capillary electrophoresis was used; an electrolyte based on boric acid was used. The completeness of hydrolysis of jasmonic acid esters was tested on solutions of methyl jasmonate. Data on the content of methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid in biological objects were obtained.

Annotation

A literature review of the main methods for the production of dyes from natural raw materials is carried out, the features of the technology are discussed. The study of the chemical composition was carried out using known chemical methods, the ionic composition was studied using capillary electrophoresis. The main attention is paid to the methods of obtaining natural dyes from onion husks and red pomace of technical grape varieties. The results of the study of the chemical composition, properties of extracts and test results in the production of food products are shown. It is noted that the industrial technology for obtaining dyes from secondary resources of colored food plant materials consists of the following main operations: drying the pomace or by-products during the canning of raw materials, extraction of dyes with an aqueous solution with the addition of various modifiers and subsequent concentration of the extract. The paper shows options for extracting biologically active components from onion husks with water, from dry and wet pomace of red grape varieties by acidified aqueous solutions, sugar syrup, including modified acids. The highest content of biologically active substances and anthocyanins was found in the extract from dry grape pomace of Cabernet-Sauvignon variety, then in cryo-must from the Merlot variety. Sugar syrup extracts were less saturated and more difficult to concentrate. It was found that the addition of acidic modifiers to 50% sugar syrup led to a decrease in the pH of the solution and contributed to an increase in the extraction of anthocyanins when dosing citric acid � 5 times more control (without modifiers), more than 4 times for boric acid and approximately 3 times higher for hydrochloric and acetic acids. The content of water-soluble dry matter, excluding sucrose, in the obtained extracts was 3.3 � 0.25 %. Natural dyes obtained in this way can be used in various branches of the food industry.