Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The propagation technology for pear varieties and forms by herbaceous cuttings under circumstances of fog forming installations was successfully developed with the use of such growth Regulators as β-indolyl-3-acetic acid, β-indolyl-3-butyric acid, α-naphthylacetic acid. According to the results of the analysis of the degree of rooting of herbaceous cuttings of varieties Pamati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennyaya Yakovleva and rootock forms K-1; K-2; 4-26; 4-39, the varieties Pamati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennyaya Yakovleva and rootock form 4-39 were considered, which are able to take root with use of growth stimulator IBA (55.0 to 65.0 %) and also having the highest accretions (12.0 to 13.5 cm), the largest diameter of conditional root neck of 1.5 mm, the largest root number and their length (6.0 to 7.0 cm) and (from 9.0 to 9.5 cm). After IAA treatment, the best height of plants (11.0 to 11.5 cm), diameter of conditional root neck of 1.0, root number 6.0 pcs., root length (8.0 to 8.5 cm) were found in varieties Pamyti Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennyaya Yakovleva. NAA promoted the best results in accretions height (10.0 to 10.8 cm), diameter of conditional root neck of 1.0 mm, root number (5.0 to 6.0 pcs), root length (7.0 to 7.5 cm) for varieties Pamyati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennayay Yakovleva. As a result of the conducted researches, it was found that the best results in rooting of herbaceous cuttings of pear after application of IBA occurred to be in the varieties Avgustovsckaya rosa, Osennya Yakovleva, Pamyati Yakovleva (control) and form 4-39. After IBA application varieties Pamyati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovsckaya rosa, Osennya Yakovleva and form 4-39 showed the best plant height, diameter of conditional root neck, and root number and length. After IAA and NAA treatment the best results of quality of the rootstocks that have been rooted were in the varieties Pamyati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennaya Yakovleva.

Annotation

Drought resistance of plants is the ability of plants to withstand the significant dehydration and overheating of their organism, the ability to survive during drought with the least decrease in yield capacity. Heat resistance (heat tolerance) is the ability of plants to withstand the high temperature effect and overheat. Seed crops were studied: pear forms PG 12 (control), PG 17-16, PG 2, K-1, K-2, Kavkazskaya, OHF 333, Piro II, 4-26, 4-39 and quince forms Severnaya, BA 29, studies were conducted on the resistance of pear and quince forms to drought and heat resistance in laboratory conditions. The zoned pear form PG 12 was used as a control. In this regard, the purpose of our research was a set of measures to assess the initial forms of pears and quinces for drought and heat resistance. As a result of the research, it was found that moisture retention index varies significantly in the studied pear and quince forms. The pear forms PG 2, K-2, Kavkazskaya and quince form BA 29 were characterized as highly resistant to drought, in which water loss was from 8.2 to 21.8%, and the degree of water was from 50.0 to 100.0%. Water deficit in these forms was within 4.4 - 7.1%. The highest water-holding capacity was observed in pear PG 17-16 � 79,5 %, Kavkazskaya � 80,9 % and quince B� 29 � 86,6 %. The water-holding capacity of the pear form K-2 was 67,3 %. When evaluating the heat resistance of pear and quince forms, the differences in the resistance of these forms to the action of temperatures were revealed. A good water-holding capacity after exposure to stressful positive temperatures is preserved by the pear form Kavkazskaya, which has a water deficit of 4,8 %. At the same time water-holding capacity was 70,9 %, water loss � 19,1 %, degree of water content � 38,4 %.