Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Manage environmental and food safety
Obtaining environmental grapes and wine has raised the problem of protecting plants from diseases, pests and weeds with the emphasis on methods of breeding, agricultural and biological methods, without the complete elimination of chemical methods. In this respect, is necessary to use an integrated system of plant protection, the prohibition of the use of phytochemicals or synthesized drugs, and treatment should be warned. The results of researches of residues of harmful substances in the leaves and wine in biodefense of grape plantings are presented in this article.
Condition of grape plantations after reducing fungicidal load decrease through the use of biologically active substances is shown.
As a result of studying sensitivity of an apple varieties to different origin of fungous disease in the conditions of Krasnodar region are allocated resistant and low-susceptible apple varieties which allows for the introduction to ensure non-polluting production, to reduce technogenic load by a garden biocenosis.
In the article results of researches the dynamics of residues of organophosphate insecticides used in the garden are presented. It is established that properties of low stability in the external environment and the rapid disintegration on treated sites have only contact organophosphate preparations, which do not penetrate inside the plant facilities (phuphanon, karbophos-500, kemiphos, etc.). System preparations (o.s. chlorpyrephos, zolon, dimetoat, etc.) differ considerably more resistant in the environment are exposed to strict regulation and are limited in practical application.
The model of bioecological regulation of development of mildew of the apple-tree, providing along with operative suppression of development of disease conservation and augmentation of density of natural population of hyperparasitic fungi of sort Ampelomyces biocenosis in the orchard is developed and proved.