Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Management of soil fertility
The result of research on working out of methods of soil fertility control in the fruit cenosis are presented. It is shown, that phytomelioration method, leading to accumulation of organic substance in the soil, has influence not only on the soil feed regime, but increase its biological activity.
The advantages of using weed plants (grasses of the local flora) for sodding between rows of garden, as compared with the seeded perennial cereal grasses, are revealed. Increase of content of humus and nutrients, the greatest stocks of the microbial pool, high indicators of stability and well-being of the soil community are marked under natural grass.
The analysis of the known methods of the soil maintenance between rows of perennial plantations is given. It is shown that the mulch layer of herbaceous plants weighed down retains moisture in the soil; reduces the energy and labor costs, erosion and soil compaction by machines; provides a natural process of reproduction of soil fertility.
Cumulative impact of density of addition and water regime of brown forest soil on planting condition and yield capacity of Aydared apple-tree in the conditions of foothills of Krasnodar region is established. It is presented the refined indicators of critical power levels of loose layer and density of addition of root zone of soil layer when the oppression of apple trees on middle-growing rootstocks on forest soils of foothills is displayed.
The results of complex agritechnical and ecological-toxicological study of industrial vineyards are advanced. The improved organizational and agricultural practices (elements) of agri-biotechnology to increase productivity vineyards, resource saving, preservation and stabilization of the energy potential of environment are presented.