Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

ο»Ώ

Issue: 67(1)

Date posted: 20.01.21

Total articles: 27

Total authors: 72

DOI of issue: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67

Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection

pdf
567 Кб
9 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.11: 631.527.2:632.4:577.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-1-9
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, MOLECULAR MARKERS, SCAB RESISTANCE, RVI6 AND RVI4 GENES

Annotation

Monogenic scab resistance is important breeding trait of apple-tree. The use of molecular markers allows us in the early stages of ontogenesis to determine with high reliability the presence of the necessary genes in the genome and to reduce the time of the breeding process. The present study shows the results of the DNA analysis of apple hybrid seedlings on Rvi6 and Rvi4 genes of monogenic scab resistance. The biological objects of the study were apple initial forms of Akademik Kazakov, Bylina, Valuta, Imant and Kandil' Orlovskiy and also the seedlings of combinations of crosses Bylina × Kandil' Orlovskiy, Kandil' Orlovskiy × Bylina, Valuta × Imant, Valuta × Akademik Kazakov. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the fresh apple leaves using the CTAB methods according to DArT. The Rvi6 gene was identified with SCAR marker AL07. The presence of Rvi4 gene was detected with the multiallelic SCAR marker AD13. The joint inheritance of characteristics these genes in hybrid combinations was analyzed. The average number of apple seedlings with the genotype Rvi6+Rvi4 on analyzed combinations of crosses were 34.8%. Identified forms combining dominant allele Rvi4 with Rvi6 gene in the homozygous dominant state (Rvi6Rvi6) in genome: 3-11-4, 3-11-33, 3-11-46 (Bylina × Kandil' Orlovskiy), 31-11-17, 31-11-25, 31-11-42 (Kandil' Orlovskiy × Bylina), 9-12-9, 9-12-30 (Valuta × Imant), 6-12-23, 6-12-24 (Valuta × Akademik Kazakov). The largest number of hybrid seedlings combining the Rvi4 gene with Rvi6 gene in the homozygous dominant state was identified in the combination of crosses like Kandil' Orlovskiy × Bylina (11.6%), the smallest number – in the hybrid combination of Valuta × Imant (6.4 %).

How to cite
Lijin A., Saveleva N. MARKER-ASSISTED SCREENING OF SCAB RESISTANT (RVI6+RVI4) APPLE GENOTYPES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 1–9. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/01.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-1-9 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
623 Кб
18 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.1:631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-10-27
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, VARIETY, ELITE FORM, SUSTAINABILITY

Annotation

The studies were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted and developed at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW programs and methods of breeding and variety study. The objects of research are apple varieties and forms (Malus x domestica Borkh.) of different ploidy and genetic origin. The work is continued on the conservation, replenishment and study of the genetic collection of the apple-tree, which currently numbers 436 varieties. Based on the results of many years of research, the origins of apple-tree resistance to spring frosts have been identified – the varieties of Erley Mac, Feya and elite form of 44-27-53rd. The apple varieties of the selection of the NCFSCHVW breeding have been identified – Feya, Soyuz, Orpheus, Margo, Sirius, Nocturne, Vasilisa, Carmen, Zolotoe Letnee, 44-27-53rd, 12 / 3-20-10, etc.; of foreign selection – Florina, Dayton, Earley Mac, Gala, Gala Shniga, which have a longer blossoming period as a protective and adaptive response to low-temperature stress in the spring period. It was revealed that an insignificant (up to 5 %) or low (up to 15-20 %) percentage of damage to generative organs by spring frosts was noted in many varieties and forms – Ketney, Spartak, Trans Lucens, Florking, Imperial Pavla, Nikita, X1-48-49, 12 / 2-21-43, etc., having a complex interspecific origin. According to the data of long-term research (2014-2020), the most productive varieties were identified: Honey Crisp (141.9 t / ha); Pyros (116.17 t / ha) and elite forms: 29-5-49 (171.9 t / ha), 29-4-110 (125.1 t / ha). Two high-quality, scab-resistant elite apple forms have been identified: Sirius (late summer ripening variety with spectacular, bright raspberry round-conical fruits of dessert taste (4.8 points), yield up to 30 t / ha) and 12 / 3-20-10 (restrained growth, with bright fruits of summer ripening, regular fruiting, yield up to 33 t / ha). These forms are promising for use in various breeding programs.

How to cite
Ulyanovskaya E., Belenko E. FEATURES OF FORMATION OF APPLE VARIETIES ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 10–27. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/02.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-10-27 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
647 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.22:631.52(471.63)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-28-43
Keywords: PLUM-TREE, VARIETY, PHENOTYPE, BREEDING, YIELD CAPACITY, PRODUCTIVITY

Annotation

In recent years, foreign varieties of stone fruit crops have been actively introduced in Russia. New varieties are widely used for laying of intensive plantations. The introduction of new varieties of stone fruit crops presupposes their comprehensive assessment in order to identify the most adaptive and productive varieties under the new soil and climatic conditions. New varieties generation also need to be studied to identify their genetic potential and to isolate the donors and origins of breeding valuable traits. The purpose of the research was to comprehensive assess the introduced varieties of domestic plum of various ecological and geographical origin, to identify the varieties-sources of valuable traits for breeding use and expansion of the group of promising varieties. The article presents the results of evaluation of 6 new introduced varieties of domestic plum, Chinese plum and cherry plum – Big Stanley, Blue Moon, August Delight, Dark Sunlight, Crimson Glo, Angelino of various ecological and geographical origin. In the course of the research, new knowledge was obtained on the implementation of their biological potential, the features of the manifestation of signs – early maturity, resistance to major diseases, yield, marketability and taste of fruits under the conditions of the Southern Region of Russia. The varieties-sources of breedingsignificant traits, the use of which in breeding will allow to expand the genetic diversity of the culture and obtain new breeding material, have been preliminary selected. It has been established that the varieties of Dark Sunlight and Crimson Glo are early-growing and begin to bear fruit for 3 years after planting in the garden, they resistant to temperature stress factors and have a restrained tree growth force within 2.5 m, high yield exceeding 25 t / ha and high taste at the level of 4.7 points. The selected varieties of plum domestic can be used in various breeding programs, as well as for cultivation in the South of Russia.

How to cite
Zaremuk R., Kochubey A. INTRODUCTION OF NEW PLUM VARIETIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 28–43. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/03.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-28-43 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
481 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.22:631.524.84/.85
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-44-54
Keywords: STEPPE CHERRY, VARIETY, PRODUCTIVITY, ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY, STABILITY, ADAPTABILITY

Annotation

Global climate change, accompanied by an increase in the harmfulness of the causative agent of coccomycosis (Blumeriella jaapii) and the expansion of its area, provides an advantage when cultivating highly productive, ecologically plasticity varieties under the soil and climatic conditions of the Ural Region. Under these conditions the improving the ecological sustainability of horticulture in the Chelyabinsk Region requires the use of adaptive varieties of fruit and berry crops. However, not all varieties of stone fruit crops are characterized by a complex of economically valuable traits and have ecological plasticity. The purpose of this research is to assess the adaptive potential of zoned and promising varieties of steppe cherry in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk Region. To assess the adaptive potential of different cherry varieties, we used the classical methods to determine the ecological plasticity of fruit crop varieties presented by I. A. Dragavtseva and V.A. Zykin. As a result of the research carried out the adaptive varieties of steppe cherry, adapted for cultivation in the conditions of the Southern Ural, were identified: Izobilnaya (4.39 t/ha; CA = 1.54), Schedraya (4.42 t/ha; 1.37), Galimovka (3.83 t/ha; 1.36), Mayak (4.04; 1.30), Ashinskaya (3.42; 1.28) and Mechta Zauralia (3.29 t/ha; 1.07). Of greatest interest are the varieties of the intensive type, selected by the breeders of the Sverdlovsk selection station of gardening: Mayak (bi = 1.47) Mechta Zauralia (1.85) and Schedraya (1.99). The Chelyabinsk variety of Galimovka (bi = 0.77; Si 2 = 0.5) and the Sverdlovsk variety of Vita (1.10; 2.2), combining ecological plasticity and stability, have a high breeding value. The standard cherry variety of Ashinskaya belongs to the neutral type varieties (bi = 0.32; Si 2 = 0.1). The weak reaction of this variety to changing growing conditions allowed it to form a high yield of fruits (3.42 t/ha).

How to cite
Vasilyev A., Gasymov F., Galimov V. ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF CHERRY IN THE CHELYABINSK REGION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 44–54. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/04.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-44-54 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
615 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.5:631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-55-65
Keywords: PERSIAN WALNUT, HYBRID FORMS, BREEDING, FRUIT QUALITY, BIOCHEMICHAL COMPOSITION

Annotation

Persian walnuts are high in calories and rich in nutritional composition. Daily use of nuts in enough quantity can make a significant contribution to the diet. Under the laboratorian conditions, on the basis of NCFSCHVW, the examination of walnut fruits in full maturity was carried our. Purpose of the work: on the basis of technical and biochemical analysis of the fruits of promising walnut forms at the stage of full maturity, to identify the genotypes with high fruits quality for further selection and industrial production. The quality of fruits and biochemical composition of the kernel of 19 promising walnut forms of 17-3-12, 17-3-41, 17-3-10, 17-2-35, 17-3-16, 17-2-41, 17 -3-27, 17-3-34,17-3-44, 17-3-24, 17-3-9, 17-2-30, 17-3-29, 17-3-19, 17-3 -22, 17-2-26, 17-3-48, 17-3-30, 17-2-44 was studied, they were growing in the central part of the Kuban fruit zone of the Krasnodar territory, on the basis of the EPH "Tsentralnoye" of Krasnodar, planting year 2014, placement scheme 5x4 m. The results of the study carried out showed that all the studied forms of walnut are thin-crust, the thickness of the shell ranges is from 0.4 to 1.2 mm. The percentage of the kernel ranged is from 45.1 to 73.4%. The fat content in the studied hybrid forms of walnuts is in the range from 51.9 to 72.1%. The amount of total phenols ranged from 0.67 to 6.37 g / kg. The amount of carbohydrates varied from 12.55 to 42.87 g / kg. Dry water-soluble substances content is from 17 to 46.9 g / kg. The insoluble residue is from 24.5 to 43.7%.

How to cite
Artuhova L., Yakuba Y., Balapanov I. THE ASSESSMENT OF WALNUT PROMISING FORMS OF NCFSRCHVW BREEDING BY FRUIT QUALITY [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 55–65. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/05.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-55-65 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
739 Кб
25 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.75:581.192
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-66-90
Keywords: STRAWBERRY, VARIETY, SELECTED AND ELITE FORMS, HYBRIDS, ANTHOCIANS

Annotation

Methodical aspects for the selection of strawberry genotypes with high anthocyanins content have been developed. They are based on a generalize of long-term studies of the anthocyanins accumulation in the fruits of a large number of varieties, elite and selected forms and hybrid material, carried out both in the field and in the laboratory. An improved color scale is presented, consisting of 15 color photographs of samples that more fully reflect the entire spectrum of fruit color changes from light to dark shades associated with less or greater accumulation of anthocyanins. The developed estimation scale makes it possible to carry out a field rapid estimation of the anthocyanins content in the strawberry fruits of both the numerous genetic collections and the hybrid fund. The reliability of this method is confirmed by a high correlation (r = +0.82) between the fruit anthocyanins content determined in the field using the color scale carried out for 457 strawberry forms and then that determination by the differential spectrophotometry. A gradation of the analyzed genotypes depending on the anthocyanins content is including 5 groups from very low (30.0 mg/100g and below) to very high (90.1 mg/100g and more). As a result of the research, promising strawberry varieties and forms (Rubinovyy Kulon, Privlekatel'naya, Feyyerverk, 3/3-16 (Feyyerverk × Maryshka), 3/6-72 (Rubinovyy Kulon × Maryshka), 3/2-3 (Feyyerverk × L'vovskaya Rannyaya)) – the sources of high anthocyanins content suitable for fresh consumption, processing and freezing, and further breeding on the improved chemical composition of fruits were identified.

How to cite
Lukyanchuk I., Zhbanova Y. ESTIMATION OF ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT IN THE STRAWBERRY FRUITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 66–90. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/06.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-66-90 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
613 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 575.11: 634.84
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-91-101
Keywords: GRAPEVINE, GENOTYPE, SYNONYMOUS CULTIVARS, LOCAL CULTIVARS, DNA-FINGERPRINTING

Annotation

The central part of Abkhazia is recognized as one of the regions where the cultural grapevine originates. Famous varieties that have created the fame of local wines as well as the less-studied genotypes and wild-growing forms grow here. The study of the local gene pool of grapes at the molecular genetic level makes it possible to more fully assess the genetic diversity of varieties and forms, to identify closer and distant genotypes. As a part of the study of the Abkhazia grapes, we are carrying out DNA profiling of local cultivars. The purpose of this work is to study the genotype of the variety Azhshkuakua (Azhizhkvakva) variety. The Azhshkuakua plants growing in the collection of the agricultural company "Wines and Waters of Abkhazia", corresponding to the varietal description was used in the work. DNA was extracted from the apical part of young shoots of the cultivar`s plants by the method based on the use of CTAB. Genotyping was performed using SSR markers recommended for identification of grape varieties: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, VrZAG79. The amplified PCR reaction products were evaluated by capillary electrophoresis using an ABI Prism 3130 automatic genetic analyzer, followed by sizing using the GeneMapper and PeakScanner software, correcting the values taking into account the data of the control (reference) genotype with a known allelic composition (Pinot noir). Analysis of the obtained DNA profile of Azhizhkvakva in the international database of DNA-fingerprint of grape varieties revealed its correspondence to the profile of the Tsitska cultivar, which is considered an indigenous variety of Georgia. The genotypes of these cultivars can be considered synonymous, since they have almost identical morphological features. According to the literature and molecular genetic data, confirmed the high degree of genetic similarity of varieties, it can be assumed that these cultivars are clonal variations of the same genotype.

How to cite
Ilnitskaya E., Makarkina M., Tokmakov S., Aiba V. IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENOTYPE OF LOCAL ABKHAZIAN GRAPE CULTIVAR AZHSHKUAKUA (AZHIZHKVAKVA) [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 91–101. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/07.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-91-101 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
664 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.8.044; 631.95
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-102-112
Keywords: GRAPES, BREEDING, HYBRID SEEDLING, SEED EXIT, SEED SOAKING, SUBSTRATE, STRATIFICATION

Annotation

Viticulture is promising in the areas of the North Caucasus Region, however, the assortment of zones does not always meet to modern requirements: environmental friendliness, low energy intensity of production combined with high quality of crop. Currently, the variety in viticulture has become one of the main means in solving the problem of increasing and stabilizing the productivity of plantations. In this regard, the selection of grapes for resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, along with high productivity and quality are especially relevant. Increasing in seed germination is a direction in breeding that requires special attention. The breeding process takes a long time, which is unacceptable in conditions of intensification of agricultural production. Due to the peculiarities of grape ontogenesis and low seed germination, the transfer of seedlings for competitive variety testing is possible no earlier than 8-10 years after sowing seeds. In our work, a simple and effective way to increase in the yield of seedlings by pre-stratification soaking is defined. In the experiment, the various concentrations of gibberellic acid were used. The minimum concentration of gibberellic acid of 0,01 % ensured an almost 100 % yield of seedlings. An increase in acid concentration up to 0,04 % stimulated the seedlings yield in comparison with the control variant, however, an excessive increase in concentration has an inhibitory effect. The composition of the substrate for sowing hybrid grape seeds in flowerpots was developed and tested, which provides high growth and development of plants in the 1 and 2 years of life. In general, the soaking of seeds and the correct selection of the substrate composition described in this work can reduce the breeding process by 3-4 years and allow us to transfer the seedlings earlier to the State variety testing.

How to cite
Malyh G., Avdeenko I., Seghet O. METHOD FOR ACCELERATING THE PROCESS OF BREEDING THE NEW GRAPE VARIETIES USING GIBBERELLIC ACID AND SUBSTRATES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 102–112. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/08.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-102-112 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Resource potential of the agricultural territories

pdf
795 Кб
21 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 631.8:634.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-113-133
Keywords: APRICOTS, VARIETIES, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, SOILCLIMATIC CONDITIONS, HIGH-ALTITUDE GRADIENT, CULTIVATION ZONES

Annotation

It is present the results of the study of the content of macroand micronutrients in apricot fruits of Krasnoschekiy, Uzden, Uncukulskiy pozdniy, Honobah and Shalakh varieties, grown in the unique natural conditions of Dagestan – on the plain, in the foothills and in the mountain river valley. The purpose of the research is to determine the varieties of apricots that are most capable to synthesize the valuable components of the chemical composition in fruits and to identify fruit zones of the ecological optimum for their cultivation in Daghestan. The elemental composition of apricot fruits was studied by flame and atomic absorption photometry, the content of sugars, titrated acids, pectins and vitamin C – titrimetric, phenols and vitamin P – colorimetric. The detected differences in the chemical composition, depending on the genetics of the apricot variety, made it possible to objectively assess their nutritional merits. The local variety of Honobah held the championship in the mass concentration of sugars (12.5 g/100 cm3 ), ascorbic acid (29.3 mg %) and vitamin P (71.7 mg %). The best ability to accumulate titrated acids (1.91%) and pectin substances (1.03%) was distinguished by the Uncukulskiy Pozdniy variety. A significant amount of phenolic substances (123.7 mg%) was determined in the Uzden variety. The introduced variety of Shalah showed the best ability to accumulate almost all mineral substances identified in the fruits. It was revealed that on the plain the natural factors cause a high concentration in apricots of sugars – 8.7-12.5 g/100 cm3 and minerals: potassium (258.9- 377.5 mg%), calcium (28.2-42.8 mg%), sodium (30.3-54.7 mg %), magnesium (39.3-61.4 mg %) and iodine (0.7-1.2 μg%). In the foothills and mountain-valley area the conditions are more favorable for the synthesis of vitamins C and P – 13.9-29.3; 49.3-71.7 mg %, titrated acids – 1.29-1.91%, pectins – 0.68-1.03 %, phenolic substances – 79.5-123.7 mg %, high concentration of trace elements: zinc (47.8-77.3 μg%), copper (106.1-146.0 μg%) and iron 399.7-568.1μg%). Such studies are important for the effective use of the resource potential of fruit zones located at different altitudes above sea level and for the production of new products from apricots with high concentrations of macroand micronutrients.

How to cite
Guseinova B., Asabutaev I., Daudova T. ASSESSMENT OF MACROAND MICRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF APRICOT VARIETIES PROMISING FOR GROWING UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF DAGHESTAN [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 113–133. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/09.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-113-133 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Breeding and production of planting material

pdf
601 Кб
17 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.8.037:581.143.6
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-134-150
Keywords: GRAPE PLANTS OF POST VITRO, ANTHROPOGENIC STRESSFUL FACTORS, SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVITALIZED PLANTS

Annotation

For creation of lasting and highly productive plantations with promising grape varieties and clones, transition to laying of industrial plantations with the certified planting stock is necessary. In ARRIN@W named after Ya.I. Potapenko since 1992 the works to perfect the method of grapes improvement and microreproduction are carring out. Most narrow point of technology of clonal microreproduction are stages of adaptation to unsterile conditions, growing of the revitalized plants and their planting to the open soil for laying of basic uterine grape plantations. Now laying of basic uterine plantings of grapes on sandy array of the Ust-Donetsky region of the Rostov Region proceeds. The sandy array for laying of basic uterine grape plantings is chosen for risk reduction connected with spreading of the malicious vermin – phylloxera. Researches and observations on basic uterine grape plantations have been made since 2004 under the conditions of Lower Kundryuchensky Department of the experimental ground now entering into CCU "The Don Ampelographic Collection of Ya.I. Potapenko". The plot is located in the territory of the Donetsk and Kundryuchensky sandy array which occupies the space about 15 thousand hectares between the Kundryuchya and Donts Rivers (near its mouth). The results of creation of basic uterine grape plantations of the rootstock and scion grape varieties revitalized in vitro culture are given. The problems which are often found on sandy soils and the ways of their decision are shown. The questions of planting of the revitalized grape plants under the conditions of greenhouses and the open soil are considered; the optimum terms and ways of their landing. The efficiency of different types of fertilizers is revealed. On the basis of generalizing of long-term data, the optimal solutions and technology of laying of basic uterine grape plantations from the revitalized in vitro of planting stock of grapes under the conditions of sandy array are developed and proposed. With the using of the developed ways and keeping the uterine plantations of grapes, survival of plants in the field conditions increased on average from 75 up to 95 %.

How to cite
Rebrov A., Dorochenko N. CREATION OF BASIC GRAPE UTERINE PLANTATION ON SANDY SOILS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 134–150. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/10.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-134-150 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Physiology and biochemistry of plants

pdf
508 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 581.1
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-151-161
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, PLOIDY, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES, RESISTANCE

Annotation

This work provides a comparison results of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of two apple cultivars different ploidy – Soyuz (2n=3x) and Prikubanskoe (2n=2x). We studied the content of protein, lignin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the level of peroxidase activity in annual shoots and leaves, as well as the content of nucleic acids in mature seeds. We found that the triploid of Soyuz is characterized by higher average values for almost parameters studied and their lower variability unlike the diploid of Prikubanskoe. At the same time, statistically significant differences were obtained by the content of protein and nucleic acids in the shoots and the seeds, respectively. The Soyuz variety, as a triploid, had higher values of these characteristics. On the other hand, Soyuz apple variety had the lower degree of resistance to winter temperatures compared to Prikubanskoe. It was determined by the lower activity of peroxidase, one of the antioxidant enzymes protector of plants under stress conditions and by the higher content of MDA, which is a product of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. Our studies showed that the Soyuz apple variety, despite the relative stability of physiological characteristics in the summer months of study have, had the low level of stress tolerance compared to the Prikubanskoe variety in the winter period.

How to cite
Mishko A., Plotnikov V., Nenko N., Ulyanovskaya E. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT PLOIDY APPLE CULTIVARS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 151–161. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/11.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-151-161 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
596 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 581 : 576.5 : 634.224
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-162-176
Keywords: GRAPES, ANTHOCYANS, CHALCONS, PHENOLIC SUBSTANCES, WINTER RESISTANCE, CRYOPROTECTIVE FUNCTION

Annotation

Under the unstable conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of Krasnodar Territory – an important region f or the cultivation of grapes – the problem of its resistance to the stresses of the winter period is urgent. In this regard, the search for new diagnostic indicators of winter hardiness continues, contributing to the identification of grape varieties adapted to modern conditions of a changing climate. The purpose of this work is to carry out comparative studies of grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin according to the dynamics of the content of phenolic substances in the bark of one-year shoots under in the conditions of the winter period and to distinguish winter-hardy varieties using this indicator. The studies carried out have confirmed the previously fact established of the involvement of phenolic substances in the mechanism of grape plant protection against unfavorable winter conditions. In our studies, there were quantitative changes in the content of anthocyanins, chalcones, chlorogenic and caffeic acids in the studied grape organs of varieties under study during the winter period. The degree of contribution of each type of phenolic substance to the defense system was different and was determined by the variety. It was found that anthocyanins and chalcones are actively involved in the cryoprotective function in the Dostoyny, Vostorg and Zarif varieties. In these grape varieties, the maximum total content of anthocyanins (12.3-12.9 conventional units) and chalcones (21.5-24.8 conventional units) was noted during period under study. The protective function of chlorogenic and caffeic acids is not entirely clear. It is shown that the dynamics of anthocyanins and chalcones content in the bark of annual grape shoots studied plants can be one of the indirect methods of assessing the winter hardiness of grape varieties for breeding purposes.

How to cite
Nenko N., Kiseleva G., Ilina I., Sokolova V., Zaporogets N. DYNAMICS OF THE CONTENT OF PHENOLIC SUBSTANCES IN THE GRAPE VINE IN RELATION TO WINTER RESISTANCE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 162–176. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/12.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-162-176 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Construction of plantings, forming of crown

pdf
476 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.83:631.522
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-177-188
Keywords: GRAPE VARIETY, SHAPING, KEEPING WAY, PRUNING, LOAD NORM, PRODUCTIVITY, EFFECTIVENESS

Annotation

Under the ecological conditions of the Lower Pridonia of the Russian Federation, on the example of a promising grape variety of interspecies origin Crystal, the long term research was carried out to establish the optimal parameters of various agro-technical techniques used in the vineyard (the way of management, formation, pruning and the rate of load of bushes by shoots and harvest). At the same time, the prerequisite for these experiments was to link of agrotechnical way under study with the scheme of bushes planting taking into account its impact the productivity of non-cover up vineyards, as well as the quality of the harvest. Based on the results of research carried out, the technological and economic benefits of new methods offered by us, under the conditions of the Don, for industrial and intensive ways of formation and maintenance of vineyards. Thus, on the usual, non-cover up high-stamp vineyards of industrial type were more effective the ways of bushes keeping on a bunk trellis, with free development of shoots, with the scheme of bushes planting of 3.0 x 1.5 m using the formations: zigzag cordon and Y-shaped. And in the intensive plantations with scheme of bushes planting of 3.0 x 0.5 m the highest productivity of labor and productivity of vine plants is noted when applying a medium-stamp small bowl-shaped mould on a simplified single-wire trellis. The high adaptability of the Kristall variety to the ecological conditions of the Lower Don Region was established. In almost all variants of the experiment, the following were noted: the high fruitfulness of the shoots and their productivity, as well as the yield of the bushes with high technological conditions of berry juice. There was a more intensive increase in the yield of bushes with rare grape plantations in comparison with compacted plantations.

How to cite
Guseynov S., Mayborodin S., Manatskov A. AGROBIO-TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NON-COVER UP VITICULTURE IN THE DON AREA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 177–188. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/13.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-177-188 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Mineral nutrition of plants

pdf
655 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: [631.811:631.559.2:634.8.076] (478)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-189-202
Keywords: GRAPES, HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT, GROWTH REGULATORS, GROWTH MASS, NUMBER OF BERRIES, YIELD, SUGARITY

Annotation

The article presents the results of field experiments to study the effect of double treatment of plants with growth regulators like gibberellin, mycephite, zircon, HB-101 the weight of the bunch, the number of berries in the bunch, the yield and sugar content in the juice of the berries of the Citrine table grape variety in the years differing in temperature and humidity conditions in the period rom sap flow to harvest. Phenological observations and agrobiological surveys were carried out according to the method of M.V. Melkonyan and V.A. Volynkin. Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient was used to assess the moisture content on the phases of grape vegetation. During the years of research, significant differences were noted in moisture supply in the main phases of grape development and insignificant in the sum of active temperatures. The research results showed that in the conditions of Pridnestrovie, the mass of a bunch of the Citrine table grapes variety is determined both by the conditions of the year and by the influence of growth regulators. The use of gibberellin, mycephyte, zircon and HB-101 reduced the adverse effect of precipitation during blossoming and led to a significant increase in the number of berries in a bunch, contributed to a decrease in the number of pea-berry in a bunch during drought in the period of growth and ripening phases. Under conditions of a higher moisture supply during the ripening period of berries, growth regulators did not have a noticeable effect the sugar content in the juice of berries; under arid conditions, the sugar content of the juice of berries in the experimental plants was higher than in the control plants. Mycephite contributed to a significant increase in the mass of a grape bunch, both in arid and more humid conditions, as a result of which the yield increased by 12.2 and 7.7 t / ha, or 88 and 53%, respectively, in comparison with the control.

How to cite
Ghinda E., Treskina N. INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY REGIME AND GROWTH REGULATORS THE YIELD AND SUGARITY OF BERRIES OF THE CITRINE TABLE GRAPE VARIETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF PRIDNESTROVIE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 189–202. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/14.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-189-202 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Management of soil fertility

pdf
639 Кб
23 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 631.46 : 634.1
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-203-225
Keywords: SOIL METAGENOMICS, SOIL QUALITY, RESEARCH METHODS, SOIL BIOTA, AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGIZATION, GARDEN AGROCENOSES, SOIL FERTILITY

Annotation

The prospects of soil metagenomics using to determine the soil quality of garden cenoses are discussed in this article. Soil quality, along with its fertility, is considered as the most important characteristic of any soil ecosystem, especially under intensification anthropogenic influence. The development of metagenomic studies of soil microorganisms is due to the fact that they are the basis for studying the ecosystems, especially for agricultural purposes. The emergence of new analysis tools contributes to the study of the structural and functional organization of soil microbial biocenoses. An important feature of metagenomic research is that there is no need for isolation and cultivation of microorganisms. This will make it possible to carry out a more complete analysis of the structure of the soil microbial community, to identify the features of the structure of the rhizosphere microflora depending on the duration of growing the perennial plants in a monoculture, and to identify new bioindicators of soil fatigue. The necessary approaches for a complete structural and functional assessment of the soil microbiome are presented, and the goals and objectives of metagenomic analysis are outlined in the article. It is shown that the study of metagenomic analysis of soils makes it possible to move to a new system level of research on the biodiversity of soil ecosystems. This transition leads to a paradigm shift and opens the way to understan the processes that occur in the soils under intensive agricultural use. The available developments in the field of soil metagenome indicate the possibility of using this information as an integral indicator of soil quality in the garden agrocenoses and their functioning, as well as the prospects for use the research results to further improving the methods of biologization and ecologization of agricultural production and fruit growing in particular.

How to cite
Agafonova V., Popova V. PROSPECTS FOR USE THE SOIL METAGENOMICS METHODS TO DETERMINE THE SOIL QUALITY IN THE GARDEN CENOSES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 203–225. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/15.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-203-225 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
911 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 631.67 : 631.41 : 634.11
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-226-241
Keywords: IRRIGATION WITH MINERALIZED WATER, TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL PROPERTIES, INTENSIVE FRUIT PLANTATIONS, APPLE-TREE, SALINIZATION OF SOILS, SALINITY OF SOILS

Annotation

The problems of transformation of chernozem soils properties of garden cenoses during drip irrigation with mineralized water are considered. The widespread introduction of drip irrigation with the mineral fertilizers to cultivate fruit plantations using intensive technologies has created a number of environmental problems. The forced use of mineralized water for irrigation due to limited resources contributes to changes in the properties of chernozem soils, in recent years. It is manifested fruit plants oppression against the background of the constant use of fertigation in the intensive fruit plantations. It was found that drip irrigation of apple orchards with mineralized water contributed to the accumulation of water-soluble salts in the main zone of soil moisture. The use of long-term drip the irrigation in fruit plantations led to the gradual leaching of calcium ions from the zones of local soil moisture. The proportion of magnesium in the soil-absorbing complex as a result of irrigation increased in 20.8-32.8 % of the amount of absorbed bases. On the plot with oppressed apple-trees, a higher content of exchangeable magnesium in the soil was noted in comparison with apple plantations under a satisfactory condition. The increased content of sodium in irrigation water led to a significant increase in its concentration in the places of localization of irrigation water in areas with both depressed and apple trees in satisfactory condition. The content of exchangeable sodium in the soil layer 0-30 cm under the droppers increased in 0.94-1.74 mg-eq./100 g. of soil. The share of exchangeable sodium in the soil absorbing complex in the zone of local soil moisture increased in 3.1-5.3 % of the amount of absorbed bases, which indicates a weak degree of soil salinity. Analysis of apple varieties productivity indicates the influence of tree growth conditions the yield and fruit quality, the share of the influence of soil conditions was 81.8-93.6 %.

How to cite
Popova V., Fomenko T., Makarova A. EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF SALINE WATER DRIP IRRIGATION THE CHANGE OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM`S PROPERTIES AND APPLE PLANTATIONS CONDITION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 226–241. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/16.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-226-241 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
659 Кб
19 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 631.4:634.2(470.620)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-242-260
Keywords: BROWN FOREST AGROGENICALLY CHANGED SOILS, MICROBOCENOSIS, MICROBIAL BIOMASS, METABOLIC COEFFICIENT, "HEALTH" OF SOIL

Annotation

The paper presents the results of a study of the biofunctional state of agrogenically altered soils of two phytocenoses: naturally-like (cypress plantations) and agrocenosis (peach orchard). The relevance of the systemic biomonitoring of soils for various agricultural use is made. The main goal of the work was determined – to assess the state of brown forest soils of various phytocenoses according to a set of indicators in order to understand their informative value and the relationship between them. The experimental plots were located on brown forest soils in the humid subtropical climate of the Black Sea coast. The number of representatives of three morphological groups of saprotrophic microbocenosis was analyzed along the horizons of the soil profile. The soil for research was selected in the winter, to study the biological activity of soils, the spring period was chosen. The analysis of the number of microorganisms and indicators of the ecophysiological state was carried out in relation to the agrochemical parameters of soils and weather conditions. The physiological group of saprotrophic bacteria predominated in the structure of the microbial community, the number of actinomycetes and micromycetes was lower. The arable layer under the peach orchard was characterized by lower values of the number of micromycetes in comparison with the conventional background (cypress plantations). At the same time, the indicators reflecting the potential functional activity of microbial cenosis were higher in the soils of the peach agrocenosis in comparison with cypress plantations, which demonstrated the balance of the composition of the functionally active populations of this microbial community. In general, the studied complex of indicators of the biofunctional state of soils demonstrates their information content and interrelation, which allows us to consider them as indicators of the ecological state of soils for agricultural use.

How to cite
Rogozhina E., Malyukova L. BIOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF AGROGENICALLY CHANGED SOILS UNDER VARIOUS PHYTOCENOSIS IN THE SUBTROPICAL ZONE OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 242–260. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/17.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-242-260 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Quality Management

pdf
882 Кб
22 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 631.8:634.8:663.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-261-282
Keywords: GRAPES, ORGANICFERTILIZERS, TOP-DRESSING, CROP AND WINE MATERIALS QUALITY

Annotation

The influence of systemic application of top-dressing for Chardonnay and Merlot grapes with water solutions of special organomineral microfertilizers the biological productivity of plants, the chemical composition of berries and the quality indicators of wine materials is studied. In 2016-2017, special organomineral composition containing amino acids, ascophyllum nodosum algae extract and the trace elements (B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co) were used in the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Significant influence of agricultural ways the number of fruit-bearing shoots, inflorescences and growth activity of grapes was revealed. In comparison with the control variant (without preparations), the number of fruit-bearing shoots per bush increased by 7.4-19.2 % and inflorescences – by 3.7-12.5 %. In the summer period, against the background of the negative effect of abiotic factors, sufficient hydration of cells in grape plants with preparation`s treatments was achieved by increasing in the connected form of water. The photosynthetic activity of the leaves was maintained due to the formation of a more powerful palisade mesophyll. Fertilizing with organomineral microfertilizers helped to strengthen the reproductive function of plants (an increase in yield by 19-30 %, depending on the variety), and had a positive effect on the commercial quality of grapes. In the juice of grapes a sugar content is increased in comparison with the control variant by 17 % for Chardonnay and 14 % for the Merlot, and as a result, the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol in wine was significantly higher compared to control samples (1.3% vol.). Top dressing with organomineral microfertilizers contributed to a decrease in the mass concentration of titrated acids in the juice of grape berries by 13 %. A higher organoleptic value of wine materials from grapes grown on the background of organomineral top dressing was given. The samples had more complete varietal nuances and long good taste.

How to cite
Russo D., Krasilnikov A., Shelud'ko O. THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS OF NEW GENERATION THE QUALITY OF GRAPES AND WINE MATERIALS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 261–282. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/18.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-261-282 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Phytosanitary condition of plants

pdf
633 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 63: 632.3.01/.08
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-283-293
Keywords: GRAPES, PHYTOPLASMA, REAL-TIME PCR, DIAGNOSTICS, CTAB

Annotation

One of the limiting factors of consistently high yields with good quality are various diseases of the crop. For example, diseases caused by phytoplasmas can have a serious negative impact the quantity of the crop and its quality, which can further affect the quality of wine products and profits. Phytoplasmas are one of the most dangerous phytopathogens. On grapes, they are represented by two species – Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis Flavescence dorée (causes Golden yellowing of grapes) and Candidatus Phytoplasma solani Bois noir. Many plant diseases that are thought to be caused by phytoplasmas were described before molecular genetic studies identified the various groups of phytoplasmas that cause these diseases. It is now possible to assess the relationship between the classification of phytoplasmas and specific plant diseases. Golden yellowing of leaves is a quarantine disease for the Russian Federation and the European Union and it causes a great damage to vineyards, so quick and accurate identification of this disease is very important. The main method for identifying phytoplasmas is real-time PCR (RT-PCR) with specific primer systems. The aim of our study was to compare the methods for extracting DNA from plant tissue affected by phytoplasma for further real-time PCR. This study showed that the samples isolated using the commercial kits "AgroDiagnostics" and "CytoSorb" show the similar results, while the sample isolated by the laboratory method based on the use of CTAB buffer showed higher and earlier peaks on the graph, which is important for detecting a small amount of pathogen in the test material and proves the greater effectiveness of this method of isolation.

How to cite
Kotlyar V., Makarkina M., Stepanov I., Ilnitskaya E. SELECTION OF OPTIMAL METHOD OF THE PATHOGEN DNA ISOLATION OF GRAPE FLAYESCENE DOREE AND BOIS NOIR TO IDENTIFY PATHOGEN BY REAL TIME-PCR [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 283–293. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/19.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-283-293 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
631 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.8: 632.4: 575.174.015.3
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-294-304
Keywords: GRAPEVINE, DOWNY MILDEW, PLASMOPARA VITICOLA, PATHOGEN GENERATIONS, GENETIC DIVERSITY, DNA MARKERS

Annotation

Downy mildew is a vine disease caused by the obligate heterothallic biotrophic endoparasite Plasmopara viticola. The area of distribution of this pathogen are vineyards all over the world, but the greatest losses are in the viticulture zones with a temperate continental and subtropical climate. In Krasnodar Territory, epiphytotic development of mildew occurs 6-7 times in 10 years. The first molecular genetic studies of the pathogen began at the end of the 20th century. The purpose of this work is to evaluate, based on DNA marker analysis, the polymorphism of the P. viticola population in two generations of the pathogen on grape plants growing in an isolated geographic point. The material for the study was the affected grape leaves taken from the vegetation plot of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW, from plants without chemical treatment. The material was taken in two time intervals – the end of July (the first generation of the pathogen – 4 samples) and the middle of August (the second generation – 6 samples). To study the diversity, highly polymorphic SSR-markers – GOB and PV144, were used. P. viticola DNA was isolated directly from infected leaves by the CTAB method. A total of 10 DNA samples of the pathogen were analyzed. The study was carried out by the classical method of polymerase chain reaction. The size of the target fragments of the PV144 and GOB loci was estimated using an ABI Prism 3130 automatic genetic analyzer by fragment analysis. The data obtained were analyzed using Gene Mapper 4.1 software. The highest degree of polymorphism was found for the GOB marker – 7 types of alleles and to a lesser extent PV144 – 4 types of alleles. It was found that the samples of the pathogen population collected during the first generation have significantly higher genetic polymorphism, in contrast to the samples collected during the second generation. Research in this direction continues.

How to cite
Kozhevnikov E., Makarkina M., Ilnitskaya E. STUDY OF PLASMOPARA VITICOLA POPULATION POLYMORPHISM IN DIFFERENT PATHOGEN GENERATIONS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 294–304. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/20.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-294-304 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Processing of fruit and berries production and grapes

pdf
614 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.8: 663.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-305-318
Keywords: GRAPES, VARIETY, WINE MATERIAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS

Annotation

The production of competitive geographical denomination wines, that can solve import substitution issues and improve the quality of wines, should become one of the promising direction for the development of Daghestan wine-making. In this regard, there is a need to produce the high-quality wines from grape varieties with high biological value The production of wines raising the prestige of the Republic, fixed under the term – wines of protected geographical names, must also be supported, as well as the use of local grape varieties as well as raw materials for their production, along with introduced ones. It is made a comparative study of experimental samples of wine materials, obtained from grapes of local technical the Gimra Novaya, Fioletta varieties, and introduced variety of Pervenets Magaracha, grown in the Southern plain zone of Daghestan. Physical and chemical parameters were determined by standard methods used in anoxemia. The study of phenolic substances and vitamins was carried out using capillary electrophoresis on the "Kapel 104T" device. It was found that the wine material from the Gimra Novaya grape variety significantly exceeds other experimental samples in the amount of phenolic substanced (3361 mg/dm3 ), content of ascorbic (100.13 mg/dm3 ), orotic (27.45 mg/dm3 ), caffeic (29.90 mg/dm3 ), gallic acids (38.80 mg/dm3 ) and the total amount of biologically active substances (226.89 mg/dm3 ). The results of research carried out have revealed that the local grape varieties of Gimra Novaya and Fioletta have some advantages in terms of the content of biologically active substances, compared to the introduced variety of Pervenets Magaracha and can be used for the preparation of high-quality extraordinary red and pink blended wines.

How to cite
Vlasova O., Bakhmulaeva Z., Magadova S., Gasanov R., Shelud'ko O., Yakuba Y., Mitrofanova E., Aliverdieva D. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF GRAPES GROWING UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DAGHESTAN SOUTHERN ZONE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 305–318. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/21.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-305-318 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
718 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 663.256
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-319-331
Keywords: MALIC ACID, BIOLOGICAL AND COMBINED ACID REDUCTION, CHEMICAL REAGENTS, MALIC FERMENTATION BACTERIA

Annotation

Malic acid plays an important role in the addition of the taste and aroma of grape wines. Its high concentrations lead to the appearance of herbaceous tones and tones of "green acidity", sharpness and softening of taste. To reduce the concentration of malic acid it used the different methods of acid acidification. The work provides data on the effect of the combined acidization method the concentration of organic acids, potassium cations and calcium. The combined method involves reducing the concentration of wine acid with chemical reagents followed by biological acid-acidization with different strains of bacteria of apple (malolactic) fermentation. It has been established that chemical reagents help to reduce the concentration of organic acids mainly due to wine acid. At the same time, neo-antiticide and malicide were the most effective. The ensuring of wine materials with potassium and calcium cations is shown in the process of chemical acid reducing. Analysis of experimental data indicates the slow flow of the process of biological decline of apple acid in the wine materials. At the same time, more active acid-lowering took place in white wine in comparison with red wine. Among the bacteria in terms of the decrease rate in the concentration of apple acid in the white wine material stood out the strains of Vitilactic and Inobacter, which reduced the concentration of malic acid to 1 g/dm3 . The joint use of chemical and biological acid acidization helps to accelerate the reduction of the malic acid concentration in both white and red table wine material`s due to the greater accumulation of biomass of malic-milk fermentation bacteria. There was an improvement in the organoleptic properties of wine materials, and the absence of their enrichment with potassium and calcium cations.

How to cite
Ageeva N., Yakimenko E., Chemisova L., Prakh A. INFLUENCE OF COMBINED ACID REDUCTION THE CONCENTRATION OF MALIC ACID IN THE WINE MATERIALS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 319–331. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/22.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-319-331 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
610 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 663.263.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-332-342
Keywords: GRAPE WINES, YEAST AND ADHESIVE SEDIMENTS, PLASTIC VISCOSITY, RHEOLOG

Annotation

Experimental data on the reological (viscosity-plasticity) characteristics of yeast and adhesive precipitation of wine production are presented. Their knowledge is necessary for calculating the technological equipment when designing the recycling lines. Yeast sediments obtained in the production of white and red grapes by different technologies were used as objects of the study. The effective viscosity of yeast and adhesive precipitation was determined by the Reotest-2 rotary viscosimeter with a cylindrical measuring device. Comparing the amount of plastic viscosity of yeast sediments of white wine materials of Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc, produced using the same race of yeast, it can be noted its greater importance in Sauvignon blanc, which is associated with the accumulation of more extractive components. The greatest importance of plastic viscosity among red wines is revealed in the sediments of the Krasnostop AZOS during the pulp fermentation. Plastic viscosity of sediments precipitation was caused by the grape variety and the type of sorbent used to process wine. It was established that bentonite sediments had a large amount of plastic viscosity in comparison with gelatin sediment. The joint use of gelatin and bentonite to process wine have led to slight increase in the plastic viscosity of adhesive sediment in comparison with bentonite. When processing the wine materials, especially red ones, with polyvinylpyrrolidone together with bentonite suspension, the more dense sediments was obtained, the plastic viscosity of which had the highest values. The effect of grape variety and wine production technology the amount of plastic viscosity of adhesive sediments has been proved: with the increase in the concentration of high-molecular substances (colloids) in processed wine materials, the plastic viscosity increases.

How to cite
Ageeva N., Tikhonova N., Globa K., Birukova S. STUDY OF THE REOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YEAST AND ADHESIVE SEDIMENTS OF GRAPE WINES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 332–342. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/23.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-332-342 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
567 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 662.22.253
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-343-357
Keywords: RED WINE, YEAST, AROMA, COLOR, TASTE, ALCOHOLS, ESTERS, ACIDS, ALDEHYDES

Annotation

Research aimed at improving the biotechnology of red table wines production, taking into account the characteristics of raw materials, used yeast races, region of origin, climate and fermentation conditions, is relevant. The object of research was wines from Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes of the 2019 harvest, grown on chestnut, calcareous soils of medium loamy texture of the terroir of the Mugarty village near the Mugartychay river (Kamyshchay river basin) in the Derbent region of the Daghestan Republic, and obtained at OJSC "Derbent Sparkling Wine Factory". The strains S. cerevisiae Y-4270 and S. cerevisiae D-19 were used for fermentation. The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile substances in the wines under study was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. It is shown that "Kara-Koisu" wine obtained using the Y-4270 strain, was more aromatic due to the greater accumulation of esters and acetate. The content of ethyl acetate (by 2.4 times), ethyl lactate (on 9.9 %), and ethyl laurate, which give roundness to fruit or floral aromas, is on 29.7 % higher in the test sample (with the exception of ethyl capronate). Aliphatic alcohols formed an important basis for the aroma of wine, the total amount of which was 433.84 mg / dm3 , which is on 39.7 % higher than that in the control. Isoamyl (62.3 %), isobutyl (42.5 %), 1-propanol (31.2%), methanol (32.5 %) prevailed in the tested wines. The aromatic alcohols are twice as high in phenylethanol, which adds floral nuances to the wine. New data indicated the role of the biochemically active S. cerevisiae strain VKPM Y-4270 in the creation of dry red wines.

How to cite
Kotenko S., Khalilova E., Aliverdieva D., Shelud'ko O., Mitrofanova E., Abakarova A., Palyan Y. AROMA-FORMING COMPLEX OF RED DRY WINE OF «KARA-KOISU» WHEN USING SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Y-4270 STRAIN [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 343–357. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/24.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-343-357 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
653 Кб
17 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 634.853:631.526.321:663.223
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-358-374
Keywords: GRAPES, VARIETY, CONCENTRATED GRAPE MUST, MISTEL, LIQUEUR WINE MATERIAL, UN-FERMENTED MUST, MUSCAT SPARKLING WINE, TERPENE ALCOHOLS, ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION

Annotation

The change in the content of terpene alcohols in sparkling wines at the main stages of production, depending on the sugar-containing components used in champagne, has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the work was to study the effect of sugar-containing components used in the production of sparkling wines on the accumulation and preservation of terpene alcohols in the products under production. Under the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea, the influence of sugar-containing substances in the production of Muscat sparkling wines from Muscat white grapes the content of terpene alcohols (terpenes) in them was studied. As a result of research carried out it was found that the use in the technology of wine production of the Sevastopol 23 yeast race contributes to an increase in the mass concentration of terpene alcohols in table dry and liqueur wine materials made of white Muscat grape variety in comparison with the original must. When concentrating using a vacuum of grape must from white Muscat, part of the terpenes is removed together with water, which, in general, can lead to a decrease in their content in the concentrated grape must (vacuum-must). Higher content of terpene alcohols and high tasting ratings are established in sparkling wines produced using liqueur Muscat wine material and unfermented must. A more striking" rich " bouquet, combining all the aromatic descriptors inherent in nutmeg sparkling wines, was characterized by a sample developed using unermented must. At the same time, it was found that reducing the period of post-fermented aging on yeast leads to the preservation of more free forms of terpenes. In this regard, the use of technology for preparing young Muscat sparkling wines by the bottle method is promising.

How to cite
Makarov A., Loutkov I., Lutkova N. THE INFLUENCE OF SUGAR-CONTAINING COMPONENTS USING IN THE PRODUCTION MUSCAT SPARKLING WINES, THE CONTENT OF TERPENE ALCOHOLS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 358–374. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/25.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-358-374 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
488 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 663.251
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-375-384
Keywords: SHERRY, REDOX POTENTIAL, BIOLOGICAL AGING, NON-ENZYMIC OXIDATION, ALDEHYDES, ACETOIN, DIACETYL

Annotation

The direction of redox processes during biological aging of wine material is caused by the oxygen uptake, that is why its amount in sherry production is of decisive importance for the quality of the finished product. The aim of this work was to study changes in the volume components and physic-chemical characteristics of sherry base wines during biological aging, depending on the area of film overgrowing. The research was carried out on sherry base wines of ‘Aligote’, ‘Rkatsiteli’ and ‘Kokur Belyi’ grape varieties. Regulation of sherry yeast activity was carried out by introducing of tartaric acid as a metabolism inhibitor in experimental samples in the amount of 2.0 and 4.0 g/l. It was shown that the access of air oxygen at a time of biochemical transformation of metabolites provoked the non-enzymatic oxidative processes. Under the conditions of complete sherry film overgrowing in the base wines during aging, there is a decrease in the value of redox potential, optical dense D420, mass concentration of glycerin and all forms of phenolic substances, as well as a significant increase in the mass concentration of aldehydes, acetoin and diacetyl. When a discontinuous film overgrowing the increasing mass concentration of aldegides and their derivatives is observed in smaller amounts (in 1.4 and 2.6 times, respectively), in this case the values of optical dense (by 6 and 40 %), redox potential (by 6 and 17 %), and acetic acid increase. There is also an insignificant decrease in the concentration of glycerin, as a source of nutrition for sherry yeast, by 17 and 6 %, while in the control the content of the component decreases by 39 %. Under the conditions of incomplete film overgrowing on the surface of the base wines, the light fruit notes are observed against the background of aldehyde tones, as well as brown shades in color negatively affecting the tasting evaluation of the samples.

How to cite
Chervyak S. INFLUENCE OF THE SHERRY FILM MIRROR OF REDOX PROCESSES DURING WINE SHERRIZATION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 375–384. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/26.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-375-384 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
536 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 667.27
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-385-394
Keywords: EXTRACT, POMACE, GRAPES, CONCENTRATE, MARMALADE, NATURAL DYE, ACID

Annotation

The use of secondary resources of the agrarian industry is one of the main tasks in environment protecting. The paper considers the principles of obtaining a concentrated extract of grape pomace from the red grape Granatovy variety and its use in the production of marmalade. For concentrating the extract, a rotary evaporator was used, the concentration factor was equal to 10. It was found that extract concentrating from fermented grape pomace ensures its stability and improves technological indicators. In the original extract, the content of anthocyanins is determined by photocolorimetric metod, the content of organic acids, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium cations – by capillary electrophoresis. The extract obtained contained the toxic metals within the permissible level and had an intense red color in a weakly acidic environment, it was used as a correcting natural dye in the marmalade technology. Experimental marmalade samples were tasted. The sensory assessment procedure involved 10 specialists, including 6 women and 4 men, aged 29-45 years old (7 people), and 46-65 years old (3 people). All participants are confectionery experts, work in the confectionery industry and have professional experience in sensory analysis. Sensory assessment results were expressed on a 5-point rating scale. The best tasting characteristic was obtained for a sample of marmalade with the addition of a concentrated grape extract of 0.3% by weight, the total score was 17.5. The control sample on an artificial color substance was rated at 14.9 points. Within the framework of this article, the composition of the extract of grape pomace is analyzed, the technology for obtaining the extract and its further use in the confectionery industry is presented.

How to cite
Smirnov A. USING OF CONCENTRATED GRAPE POMACE EXTRACT AS A NATURAL COLORING SUBSTANCE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. β„– 67(1). pp. 385–394. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/27.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-385-394 (request date: 29.03.2024).