Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

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The article provides a comparative analysis of existing methods and models for designing healthy food products with a given composition: experimental statistical modeling, linear programming, object-oriented approach, fuzzy logic models, neural networks. For each technique, their key features, as well as shortcomings and boundaries of effective application, are identified. The choice of a basic technique for subsequent practical application is justified based on the results of the analysis � linear programming: the simplex method and its modifications. Further, the paper presents a description of mathematical models and algorithms for solving three problems that implement the design of the component composition of functional foods. For each technique, sets of input and output data, constraints, objective functions, as well as generalized sequences of actions in calculations in the form of flowcharts of algorithms are defined. The component composition optimization model will allow you to design the selected healthy food products based on its basic recipe, optimizing it according to a given criterion: cost, energy value, degree of content of a certain chemical component, etc. The methodology for optimizing nutritionally balanced food recipes with desired properties and composition is based on the use of norms of physiological needs for nutrients for different population groups. It allows to evaluate a specific formulation of a healthy nutrition product for its compliance with these standards for a given population group. A distinctive feature of the proposed method of system modeling of multicomponent food products of functional nutrition is the possibility of designing a recipe for given ratios of components and chemicals. The described models will further be the basis for the development of digital tools for designing healthy food products with a given composition.

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The article presents agrobiological and uvological indicators of seedlings in hybrid populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha�, �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr�, �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea. In terms of shoot productivity (SP) and average bunch weight, the populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr� (SP = 217-234 g/shoot, 143.4 g) and �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� (SP = 178-190 g/shoot, 123.3 g) are distinguished. The resistance disjoining of hybrid seedling leaf apparatus to powdery mildew on a natural infectious background in the growing season of 2021-2022 was assessed. The largest proportion of resistant plants was identified in the population of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha� � 54.5 %. The average resistance score for the population was 5.9. A significant number of seedlings susceptible to powdery mildew (1-3 points) were obtained in cross combinations with paternal varieties �Megrabuyr� (50 %) and �Nerkarat� (42.9 %). Seedlings with a very high degree of resistance (9 points) were not found in the studied populations. Populations characterized by a high breeding value were identified: �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha� (54.5 %), �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� (28.6 %). According to the true heterosis indicator, the populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr� (33.3 %) and �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� were distinguished, providing the effect of true heterosis of 56.7 %. Agrobiological study and analysis of the material obtained in comparison with parental forms in hybrid populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� variety made it possible to identify a promising form of wine direction �Magarach No. 32-96-28-10� (�Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr�).

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In the article the terms and duration of the phases of vegetation of new table grape varieties in the weather conditions of the moderate continental climate of the Krasnodar region were established. The objects of the study were Vitis L. grape varieties: Agat Dubovskiy, Akello, Gamlet, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Ispolin, Kishmish Dubovskiy, Pestryi, Timoti, Livia (control). Rootstock is SO4. According to the method of Lazarevsky M.A., the beginning of budbreak, flowering, veraison and technological maturity of grape berries were noted. The relationship of weather conditions with the duration of vegetation phases was determined by the correlation coefficient. According to the international classification, groups of varieties have been identified according to their maturation dates: very early � Livia, early � Akello, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Pestryi, medium-early � Gamlet, Timoti, medium � Kishmish Dubovskiy, medium-late � Ispolin and Agat Dubovskiy. The coefficients of paired correlation of weather conditions and the duration of vegetation periods, which are significant according to the Student's criterion, have been established. The most significant is the dependence of the duration of vegetation periods on the sum of air temperatures above + 10 ºC � the greater the sum of temperatures, the longer the phase, except for the duration of vegetation of very early and early varieties (r = -0.68 � the average inverse relationship). An increase in the amount of precipitation in the phase of the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and during the growing season also contributes to the lengthening of periods (r = 0.68 ... 0.99). In the budbreak - flowering phase, on the contrary, accelerates (r = -0.82 ... -0.84). The maximum air temperature has a different effect depending on the phase: with an increase in temperature in the beginningof veraison-technological maturity phase, its duration increases (r = 0.43... 0.60), the length of the budbreak-flowering phase and, in general, the growing season decreases with an increase in maximum temperature (r = 0.83 ... 0.87). An increase in the average air temperature (r = 0.46... 0.91) and the minimum (r = 0.67... 0.95) reduces the duration of the budbreak-flowering phases, the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and the growing season.

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The use of DNA markers, along with classical identification methods based on morphological assessment, makes it possible to more accurately determine the varietal affiliation of grape plants, as well as clarify the origin of genotypes. The purpose of this work is to perform genotyping of grape varieties bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing (DBESV&V) using microsatellite markers (SSR) used for varietal identification and clarify the origin of varieties using DNA analysis data. The objects of the study were six table grape varieties � Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muscat Derbenskiy. The DNA of the studied varieties was extracted by the CTAB method from herbarized plant material. Genotyping was carried out using a standard set of SSR markers: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79 by PCR followed by analysis of the results on an ABI Prism 3130 genetic analyzer, the obtained data were processed using the GeneMapper v 4.1 program and aligned with reference variety Pinot noir. Pedigrees of varieties were analyzed based on the principle of codominant inheritance of alleles from parents to offspring. DNA profiles of parental forms (Csaba gyoengye, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Hamburg, Kirovabadskiy stolovyi) of the studied varieties were taken from the international database of grape varieties VIVC (Vitis International Variety Catalogue), and we also used the previously developed DNA passport of Agadai variety. As a result of the study, DNA-passports of 6 varieties of DBESV&V breeding were developed. DNA analysis confirmed origin of grape varieties Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muskat Derbentskiy from the declared parental forms.

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The characteristic �strawberry� aroma of strawberry fruit is due to the presence of methyl anthranilate (methyl ester of anthranilic acid). The present study shows the results of the marker-assisted screening of promising strawberry selected forms created in the �I.V. Michurin FSC�, according to the FanAAMT gene controlling biosynthesis of methyl anthranilate. The biological objects of the study were strawberry selected hybrid forms 298-19-9-43 (FB2 F. orientalis, F. moschata, F. × ananassa), 26-5, 928-12, 913-102, 913-157 (FB3 F. orientalis, F. moschata, F. × ananassa), 932-29 (F. virginiana subsp. platypetala × Feyyerverk), 56-5, 56-18, 56-20 (Gigantella Maxim × Privlekatelnaya), 65-26 (Olimpiyskaya nadezhda × Bylinnaya), 61-22 (Bylinnaya × Olimpiyskaya nadezhda), 75-80, 75-68 (Tokado × Elianny), 28-11, 28-36 (Lakomaya× Maryshka), 21-14 (Urozhaynaya CGL × Rubinovyy kulon), and 72-67 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya). Total genomic strawberry DNA was extracted according to the modified CTAB method. The FanAAMT gene was identified with primers FanAAMT for/rev. As a result of the studies, the genetic sources of the functional allele of the FanAAMT gene were identified � strawberry selected forms 26-5 (Rubinovyy kulon× (([(F. orientalis Los. × Cavalier) × F. moschata Duch.] × Redcoat) × Senga Sengana)) and 928-12 ((([(F. orientalis Los. × Cavalier) × F. moschata Duch.] × Redcoat) × Senga Sengana) × Privlekatelnaya). It was found that the parental strawberry forms � wild species F. virginiana subsp. platypetala strawberry varieties Bylinnaya, Privlekatelnaya, Rubinovyy kulon, Feyyerverk are characterized by a heterozygous combination of alleles of the FanAAMT gene. The strawberry selected forms 26-5 and 928-12 are also characterized by a heterozygous genotype for the FaOMT mesifurane biosynthesis gene, which allows them to be used as complex sources of fruit aromatic complex genes.

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The success of creating new forms of Feijoa sellowiana largely depends on the variety of sources of economically valuable traits used in the breeding process. The feijoa gene pool has been formed in the FRC SSC RAS due to the introduction of varieties and forms, as well as by replenishing it with samples of its own breeding, numbering 40 forms, of which 5 varieties and 7 elite forms. The hybrid fund has 429 seedlings from directed breeding. Carriers of economically valuable traits are selected from the collection: yield capacity � �Superba�, �Dagomysskaya' (110-120 c/ha); large fruits � �Dagomysskaya' (95.2 g), �Superba' (85.5 g). The sources of early maturity (II-III decades of September � I decade of October) are the varieties �September�, �Dachnaya', SHV-1, 4-10, 12-5. Varieties with a high amount of biologically active compounds were identified � �Dachnaya� (polyphenols (41.16 mg /100 g of raw mass); �Dagomysskaya� (routine (42.1 mg/ 100 g of raw mass); the largest amount of ascorbic acid is contained in the fruits of �Dachnaya� (52.19 mg %), �September� (50.46 mg %), SHV-1 (50.08 mg %). Carriers of high pollen fertility are the varieties �Dagomysskaya� (78.8 %), �Dachnaya' (77.8 %) and forms 12-5 (69.42 %), �Superba� (68.30 %), which can be recommended as paternal forms when creating intervarietal hybrids. From 2018 to 2021, 25 intervarietal crosses were carried out. 4930 flowers were pollinated, 2792 seeds were obtained, 1754 hybrids were grown, 429 forms were isolated, which are valuable material for further breeding research on breeding new varieties of feijoa for the subtropics of Russia. At the early stages of the development of seedlings from the combination 'September� × �Dagomysskaya�, the largest number of promising forms (36 pcs.) were identified. Compact forms with shortened internodes (3.2 cm) were obtained from crosses �Dachnaya� × 12-5 and �Dachnaya� × 6-24. Forms with active branching are highlighted in the combinations �September� × �Dagomysskaya and �September� × �Superba'. In the combinations �Superba� × �Dagomysskaya� and 8-10 × 'Superba', tall hybrids with internode lengths of 5.8 and 5.6 cm were obtained.

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The article presents the results of studies of the degree of favorability of agroecological conditions of the Foothill zone of the Crimea for growing grapes. The long-term data on weather stations of the Crimean peninsula are analyzed. The following climatic indices describing the conditions of vegetation and ripening of grapes are calculated: the sum of temperatures above 20 ºC, the Winkler and Huglin indices, the ratio of the sum of temperatures above 20 ºC and 10 ºC, the average air temperature during the growing season, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient, the amount of precipitation per year and during the growing season. Agroecological factors limiting the possibility and efficiency of grape cultivation are also analyzed: the sum of active temperatures above 10 ºC, the average of the absolute minima of air temperature. With the help of geoinformation modeling, a digital complex map of the spatial distribution of index data on the analyzed territory was constructed. The distribution of territories in the Foothill zone of Crimea that are not subject to the planting of vineyards is analyzed: with unfavorable soil conditions, with a height of more than 600 m above sea level, with a slope of more than 20 degrees, as well as lands of forest and nature reserves. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of agroecological conditions in the territory of the Foothill zone of Crimea, 14 ampeloecotopes were identified, including: in the territory of the Bakhchisarai district � 10, Belogorsky district � 9, Simferopol district � 12. As a result of comparing the agroecological conditions of the selected ampeloecotopes with the requirements of grape varieties for growing conditions, taking into account the dependence of the quality indicators of viticultural and wine-making products on agroecological factors, recommendations on agroecological optimization of varietal composition and terroir specialization of the viticultural and wine industry in the Foothill zone of the Crimea were developed.

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The article presents an overview of the results of research on profiling the valuable chemical composition of cornel, sea buckthorn, aronia, viburnum, hawthorn, honeysuckle, rosehip, elderberry, blueberry. The high content of biologically active substances in fruits was noted: vitamins C, group B, provitamins, a diverse composition of substances of polyphenolic nature, organic acids, microelements, phytoncides. The world experience of clinical trials confirming the beneficial properties of the fruits of the examined crops in the treatment and prevention of various ailments of human health is reflected. The research works on the influence of phytonutrients in the fight against diabetes, liver diseases, oncological diseases of the food tract, with various inflammatory processes: osteoarthritis, atopic dermatitis are analyzed. Many studies have been devoted to the therapeutic significance of the vitamin composition of cornel, sea buckthorn, aronia, viburnum, hawthorn, honeysuckle, blueberry, which are gaining popularity among farmers, rosehip, elderberry fruits. The fruits of these crops have a unique antioxidant complex that has a radioprotective effect on the radicals of harmful substances accumulating in the body of a modern person. It is noted, first of all, the synergistic effect of substances of polyphenolic nature, the presence of which is inherent in all fruit and berry crops considered in the review, and playing a huge role in the prevention and treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system. The assessment of fruits and berries as an indispensable component of a healthy diet is given, since the human body is not able to synthesize the necessary complex of anti-oxidizing substances, the source of which are plants. The possibility of getting the objects in question into the formal, but fashionable marketing �superfood lists� is evaluated. Attention is paid to research in the field of studying the biochemical composition and properties of fruit and berry raw materials in the development of recipes for therapeutic products in the laboratory of storage and processing of fruits and berries of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW.

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Determining the relationship between the origin of a grape variety and its geographical growth is one of the aspects of clarifying the concepts of �autochthon� and �aboriginal�. The autochthon not only preserves its genotype and purity of origin, but also conveys in color, smell, taste the features of the soil, climate and area where the crop was grown, it most fully includes the well-known macro, micro and other healing elements inherentonly in this climatic zone, in which he is recognized as �autochthon�. The relevance and scientific interest of the article lies in the proposed algorithm for the development of a controlled list of autochthones of the established geographical area. The purpose of the development is to identify grape varieties that can be appropriately attributed to the autochthones of a particular agroterritory. It is expedient to study the grape varieties included in the developed list of autochthones as a source of raw materials for the creation of proactive functional products, with their unique nutrient composition, in demand, taking into account the declared classification of the human condition, with existing signs of health deviation. The proposed methods for classifying grape varieties differ from the generally accepted ones in that they use actual data on the timing of the start of cultivation, the area occupied and the gross harvest of grapes in the area with an assessment of the zoning of the agroterritory according to edaphoclimatic factors and the biological characteristics of cultivated grape varieties. Information from the State Register of Breeding Achievements is taken into account, according to which the declared variety can be included in the controlled list of autochthons of this particular climatic zone. The variety of scientific material and current regulations used in the study determined the basic principles for the development of a controlled list of autochthonous grape varieties traditionally cultivated in geographical areas with a unique climate, within the borders of the Russian state.

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Medlar has a limited distribution in modern orchards. Industrial plantings of medlar in the Russian Federation are absent, among other things, due to low germination of seeds and slow growth of seedlings, which significantly complicates the cultivation of seedlings on seed rootstock. In 2021-2022, studies on the use of quince as a rootstock in the cultivation of German medlar seedlings were conducted at the educational and experimental field of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University. The results of experiments with inoculation of two varieties of medlar on quince showed that during budding and spring grafting with a cuttings, the survival rate of the inoculation components and further growth of seedlings does not differ from other seed crops, the intensity of growth processes is not inferior to pear trees grafted on quince (the control variant � the pear variety Talgarskaya Krasavitsa � has a high degree of compatibility with quince A). On average, in 2 years for both varieties of medlar, the survival rate of grafting eyes was 90%, and grafted cuttings � 83%. In the control (pear on quince), these indicators were noted at the level of 92.0 and 84.8%, respectively. The height of medlar seedlings (on the stock of Quince A) in autumn was 140 and 133 cm (depending on the grafting options), and for pears grafted on quince A � 152 and 130 cm, respectively. Due to the fact that the difference in survival rate between the studied variants and the control is insignificant, it is proposed to use Quince A as a rootstock when growing seedlings of the German medlar.

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The search for reliable methods for assessing the resistance of grape varieties to heat and drought is relevant in connection with the increasing climate instability in the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. The purpose of the work is to conduct electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel in the leaves of various grape varieties, to identify varieties with increased resistance to heat and drought. The objects of research are grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin: Kristall (control) � Euro-Amur-American origin; Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS � Euro-American origin; Vostorg � Amur-American origin; Zarif � Eastern origin; Aligote � Western European origin. It was established that the qualitative and quantitative composition of peroxidase isoforms changed during the summer and had a varietal feature. In June, 4-6 isoforms were isolated for each particular variety, in August � 2-4 isoforms. The Kristall variety stood out for its especially high resistance to heat and drought during the summer, both in the field and under the influence of artificial high-temperature and water stresses. This was achieved due to the multiple isoform composition of peroxidases and the constancy of their composition in response to stress. Varieties Dostoynyi, Vostorg, are highlighted as highly resistant to heat throughout the summer. The heat resistance of varieties Krasnostop, Aligote, Zarif changed during the summer period. In relation to drought, the varieties Kristall, Dostoynyi, Vostorg showed high resistance in early and mid-summer. According to the appearance and disappearance of peroxidase isoforms, the drought resistance of varieties Dostoynyi, Vostorg, Krasnostop AZOS changed during the summer. Aligote and Zarif varieties during the summer period stood out as not drought-resistant. The obtained data can be used as diagnostic criteria for assessing the degree of heat and drought resistance of grape varieties in different months of the summer period in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region for breeding purposes.

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Most of the widespread grape varieties belonging to the European species Vitis vinifera L. are not highly resistant to environmental stress factors. On the contrary, American species are characterized by immunity to many pathogenic organisms, and are also able to grow under the influence of various abiotic stresses. Thus, the use of scion-rootstock combinations, where resistant varieties of American grape species act as a rootstock, makes it possible to increase the production and adaptation potential of a more susceptible scion. This work presents the results of a three-year study of the influence of scion-rootstock combinations of grapes on the resistance of grape plants to abiotic stress factors in the summer period in the conditions of the North-Western Ciscaucasia. Two varieties � Kishmish vengerskiy and Kishmish luchistyi � were studied on rootstocks Ferkal and Paulsen, as well as own-rooted plants. To assess the adaptive potential of grapes, the physiological and biochemical parameters of the leaves were analyzed, namely, the water regime, chlorophyll content and the level of electrolyte leakage. The weather conditions were obtained from a stationary weather station in the grape growing zone. The results showed that the scion-rootstock combinations Kishmish vengerskiy - Paulsen and Kishmish luchistyi - Paulsen are characterized by the highest values of the water and chlorophyll content in the leaves. The weather conditions of the summer period during three years were characterized by the presence of extremely high air temperatures and insufficient amount of moisture compared to long-term averages. To such conditions, the grafted forms of varieties Kishmish luchistyy and Kishmish vengerskiy proved to be the most adapted than own-rooted control plants. The obtained data allow to conclude that it is expedient to use the Paulsen rootstock for Kishmish luchistyy and Kishmish vengerskiy varieties in the conditions of the North-Western Ciscaucasia in order to increase the adaptive potential of these varieties to the stress factors of the summer period.

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In 2016-2022, the effectiveness of the systematic use of foliar treatments of Merlot and Chardonnay grape varieties with aqueous solutions of biomineral preparations was investigated in the conditions of the Black Sea zone of the Gelendzhik subzone of the Krasnodar region. The modernness of the research is due to the innovative composition of the preparations used, which are an energy reserve for plants, combining the properties of an inducer of immunity and a source of mineral nutrition. The research methodology is focused on solving the practical problem of optimizing the nutritional regime and stabilizing the functional state of the grape plant, which determine the weight and quality of the crop. In this regard, the solution of scientific and practical tasks was carried out using the biological method (single-factor field experiment), as well as measuring and weighing, biometric, laboratory, comparative calculation methods. The effectiveness of systemic use of biomineral preparations in ampelocenosis by a foliar method was evaluated according to the criteria: the load of the bush with fruiting shoots, the number of inflorescences per bush, the functional state of plants, seasonal dynamics of shoot growth, bunch weight, yield capacity, qualitative characteristics of the yield, economic component. It was found that systematically applied preparations contributed to an increase in the number of fruiting shoots per bush in the Merlot variety by 11-28 % in 2018-2021 and in the Chardonnay variety by 4-16% in 2016-2021 in comparison with the control variant (without foliar application). The number of buds with the highest productivity against the background of foliar treatments of plants was higher by 4.2-5.3%. The tendency to exceed the number of inflorescences per bush persisted in plants throughout the study period. A decrease in fruit cast by 5-7 % was revealed. There was an increase in the content of physiologically active substances in the leaves of shoots. The analysis of the dynamics of grape yield capacity allowed us to consider the reception of foliar treatment as a way to realize the potential productivity of plants in unstable environmental conditions. The mass of the bunch annually exceeded the values of the indicator in the control variant by 2.3-16.5% (Merlot grape variety) and 3.8-21.9% (Chardonnay grape variety). The sugar content of berry juice was higher by 1.5-2.7 g/100 cm3.

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This article presents the results of the study and systematization of the main ash elements and acid composition of varietal dry white wines made from grapes grown in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman and Central zones of the Krasnodar region. The relevance of the research is due to the lack of large data sets of indicators of authentic wine products to establish significant correlations and develop automated models for assessing the quality and authentication of wines, including with regional and varietal identification. As objects of research, varietal dry wines produced from white grape varieties grown in the conditions of the �Kuban� zone were selected: Aligote, Bianca, Viorica, white Muscat, Pervenets Magaracha, Pinot Blanc, Riesling Rhenish, Siber�kovyi, Sauvignon Blanc, Traminer, Tsitronnyi Magaracha, Chardonnay, etc. The wines were made using the same technology of low-oxidized pure white wines (100 % from one grape variety, hand-picking). Wine studies have been conducted annually since the 2013 harvest. The data were grouped as follows: mass and molar concentrations of equivalents of titrated acidity of wines, in terms of tartaric acid; total acidity, basic organic acids: tartaric, malic, succinic, citric, acetic, lactic; cations of alkaline and alkaline earth metals: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium; mass concentrations of ash and its alkalinity by varieties, grape harvest years and zones. It is shown that the minimum mass concentration of ash in genuine dry white wines produced in the Kuban zone is 0.86 g/dm3 , the minimum alkalinity of ash is 15.1 mmol-eqNaOH/dm3 . The results of the research will accelerate the rapid search and analysis of information for the development of a system of identification, quality control and establishing the authenticity of wine products with regional affiliation.

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The article is devoted to the study of various varieties of apples of domestic and foreign breeding as raw materials f or the production of ciders. 30 varieties of apples of different ripening periods were processed. The obtained results showed a significant variation in the concentrations of dry matter and sugars. The highest concentrations of sugars � from 147 to 167 g/dm3 , necessary for fermentation and accumulation of ethanol of natural fermentation, were found in apples of Virginia, Orfey, Persikovoe, Margo, Exotica, Florina varieties. The highest values of the mass concentration of titrated acids were revealed in winter varieties of apples: Renet Platona (7.9 g/dm3 ), Orfey (7.1 g/dm3 ), Liberty (6.0 g/dm3 ). It was found that the yield of the wort ranged from 43.8 (Form 12/1-21-6) to 58.8 % (Ligol). Studies have shown the greatest yield of wort in the processing of winter varieties of apples � Ligol, Persikovoe, Enterprise, Jin, Prikubanskoe, which averaged 57.6 %. The yield of wort is slightly lower in autumn varieties � an average of 53.8 %. The lowest yield of wort was revealed in the processing of apple varieties Form 12/1-21-6, Virginia, Form 12/1-20-4, Form 12/1-21-6, Zolotoe letnee. The dynamics of fermentation of apple wort differed. In 18 samples, fermentation was fully completed, and in 9 there was a shortage with different concentrations of unsealed sugars � from 50 to 74 g/dm3 (Virginia, Ligol). The consistency of the wort was varied: loose with good juice separation (Zolotoe letnee, Amulet); puree with slow particle sedimentation (Ketney, Champion); fibrous or mealy-fibrous with weak juice separation (Virginia, Form 12/1-20-4, Form 12/1-21-6, Form 12/1-21-36, Form 12/1-20-16, Form 12/1-21-19); fibrous with good juice separation (Exotica, Orfey). In the remaining samples, despite the dense structure of the fruit, good juice secretion and sedimentation of particles were noted, due to which the wort self-clarified.

Annotation

The article presents the results of research work received in 2022. The following tasks were set and solved in the research work: objects of study were selected and prepared, analysis methods were selected to obtain experimental data; the composition and dynamics of changes in physico-chemical parameters in samples that have undergone fermentation and aging under various conditions have been studied; the influence of the aging method on the organoleptic evaluation of wine was studied; conclusions are drawn on the basis of the obtained studies. Researches were concentrated on revealing the peculiarities of wine fermentation and aging in tanks of different types (steel, concrete, oak). Grapes of Riesling Rheinish variety with a sugar content of not less than 200 g/dm3 were harvested in the course of the work. The obtained must was divided into three parts and sent for fermentation in tanks, made of stainless steel, concrete and oak: 1. Steel vertical cylindrical tank from Serap company for 40 hl, equipped with a cooling jacket; 2. Concrete sphere without enameled with a volume of 30 hl; 3. French oak barrel from Seguin Moreau NEW OPTIMUM with a volume of 20 hl. Removal from the wort sediment was carried out at the end of fermentation, followed by pumping into the same technological tanks. The physical and chemical analysis of the young wines was carried out after the removal, followed by an aging period of 8 months. At the end of the ageing period the samples were sent for physical and chemical and organoleptic analysis and conclusions were drawn about the conducted work.