Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the Krasnodar region, as well as in the whole south of the Russian Federation, viola Vittroka is one of the most common flower plants for use in greenification and landscape design. The seedling method of cultivation for this crop is the main one. In this regard, the purpose of the conducted research was to establish the optimal feeding area and cell configuration, contributing to the production of high-quality seedlings when grown in cassettes for two varieties of viola common in the Kuban (Krasnaya Shapochka and Kryl�ya babochki). The research was carried out in 2020-2021 in a winter glazed greenhouse and on the experimental site of the vegetable growing department in the botanical garden of KubSAU. It was found that the smallest feeding area in the experiment (4 cm2 ) led to the complete death of all plants in the phase of 5-6 leaves. The feeding area of 25 cm2 contributed to the earlier timing of the onset of phenological phases, but a decrease in the size of the leaf blade and a decrease in the intensity of flowering plants in the ground. A large feeding area (49 cm2 ) during the cultivation of seedlings slightly slowed down the formation of generative organs in the studied varieties, but contributed to an increase in the leaf apparatus due to the size of the leaf blade, as well as the intensity of the flowering process in the open ground. The largest number of generative organs of viola plants was formed by mid�July from seedlings with a feeding area of 49 cm2 : this indicator was 11 pcs in the Krasnaya Shapochka variety; 12 pcs in the Kryl�ya babochki variety. In August, due to high temperatures and low humidity, the splendor of flowering decreased in all variants of the experiment. The configuration of the cell did not have a significant effect on the rate of passage of the phenophases of viola plants, the rate of leaf growth, the nature of flowering, both in the seedling period and when growing plants in soil conditions.

Annotation

Calendula officinalis L. is one of the most common pharmaceutical crops cultivated not only in the Krasnodar region, but also in the south of the Russian Federation as a whole. In addition to its medicinal qualities, a high content of essential oils, as well as phenols and flavonoids, the crop is an excellent alternative to annual floral and ornamental plants in landscaping. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to evaluate seven varieties of Calendula officinalis L. in terms of duration,intensity and timing of the beginning of flowering, the activity of growth processes, size, color, inflorescence structure and the identification of the most adapted to growing conditions varieties that have high decorative qualities. Proposals were made on the directions of using the studied varieties in ornamental gardening and landscaping of the territory. The studies were carried out in 2022-2023 at the experimental site of private household plots in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. As a result of the research, it was found that the studied varieties of calendula had significant differences in a number of morpho-biometric indicators, but turned out to be highly adapted to the growing conditions in the south of the Russian Federation. According to the combination of ornamental qualities, three varieties of calendula officinalis were identified for cultivation in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. The Tutti-Frutti yellow variety is recommended for planting in flower beds due to the bright flowers of the inflorescence and the low growth of the plants. It is advisable to use the Geisha variety for the design of plots in landscape design and for cutting flowers. In garden and park landscaping, attention should be paid to the King's Cup variety, which stands out for a complex of decorative qualities and a long flowering period.