Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The planting of basic mother grape plantations is usually carried out on sandy massifs, which have a number of specific properties, both positive and negative. One of these properties is the heterogeneity of the soil cover. First of all, this is due to the fact that sands are subject to deflation to a greater extent than fixed soils. The soil horizon can be partially or completely destroyed, carried by the wind and deposited on top of other soils. Thus, a new soil cover is formed, but with other factors of soil formation. In this regard, when transferring healthy seedlings to the open ground, plants often die. To avoid this, the laying of elite mother plantations on the lands of sandy massifs must be carried out taking into account the characteristics of these lands, including taking into account soil heterogeneity. The soil cover was typified on the Nizhnekundryuchensk basic mother grape plantations, as a result of which all the diversity of soil conditions was reduced to 5 types (microzones). The purpose of our study is to determine the influence of soil and ground conditions on the growth and development of grape plants, as well as to substantiate the feasibility of using fertilizers. Observations were carried out from 2004 to 2022 on 5 grape varieties from different ecological and geographical groups. As a result, it was found that the development of basic plants strongly depends on the type of soil conditions, while the dynamics of bush preservation indicators after several years of growth was noted. At the first and second types, plant development was the best, quantitative and qualitative parameters of the harvested vine parameters were optimal. The use of fertilizers on the third type of soil and ground conditions allows to obtain a vine in quality not inferior to the vine obtained from the first type of conditions.