Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the research conducted at the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station � branch of VIR, where the genetic collection of the Chinese plum (Prunus Salicina Lindl.) is concentrated in the storage orchards, which includes about 300 genotypes of different ecological and geographical and genetic origin (Ussuri, American and their subspecies). In the process of primary varietal study, new varieties of plum of Chinese foreign breeding were identified for use in the food industry. Due to the fact that the zoned varieties are limited to Ussuri plums and are cultivated mainly in the Far East, they do not meet the requirements of modern horticulture in Southern Russia. There is a question about the selection of a Chinese plum assortment in order to obtain raw materials for the canning industry in the Southern fruit growing zone. Varieties of American (California), Spain and other countries breeding are the best representatives of commercial Chinese plums in the world. Chinese plum is known in Russia only as dessert "imported" imported product and is not used at all in the canning industry in the country. The requirements for growing conditions make this type of plum inaccessible to many regions of Russia, therefore, in the segment of agricultural business it occupies an undeveloped niche, as it is inferior to Russian and domestic plum in resistance to diseases and winter hardiness. The aim of the research was to study the organoleptic parameters of the fruits of 15 introduced varieties of Chinese plum for suitability for canning. A conveyor for ripening fruit products has been compiled for long-term delivery of raw materials for canning processing. The characteristics of organoleptic properties and tasting assessments of canned food by sensory analysis are determined. The varieties most suitable for the canning industry are identified: Royal Garnet, Santa Rosa, Ozark Premier, Crimson Glo, Catalina, Superior, Angeleno (�), Black Star and Larry Ann. This is relevant for a new crop, the potential of which can be successfully realized in the southern zone of fruit growing in Russia.