Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article provides detailed information about ampelodescriptor signs, morphological, biological and technological features of the valuable indigenous grape variety Bayanshira, originating from the ancient center of viticulture � Ganja-Dashkasan zone of Azerbaijan. The enocarpological and enochemical characteristics of bunches and berries, the population structure and the variability of this variety were studied. In order to determine the direction of use and technological suitability of the Bayanshira variety yield, an uvological assessment of bunches and berries of fresh grapes was carried out, prototypes of wines of various types were prepared and their physicochemical analysis was carried out using modern methods. As a result of assessing the intrapopulation phenotypic variability of the variety, several biotypes and clonal variations were identified, their distinctive characteristics were identified and described, and morphological features, biological and technological indicators were studied. Based on the above, a number of important indicators of the biotype of the Bayanshira variety can be noted: t he size of the bunch ranged from 17,2 × 7,7 to 26,5 × 12,6 cm, the shape of the bunches was conical, the number of berries in the bunch was generally more than 200 pieces, but only biotype 6 had an average number of berries in a bunch (150 pieces), berry size ranged from 19,4 × 19,0 to 23,4 × 22,2 mm, bush yield was 4,4-12,4 kg, yield juice from berries was 48,4-84,6 %, sugar content of berry juice was 17,4-21,4 g/100 cm3 , titratable acidity was 4,65-8.02 g/dm3 , the amount of phenolic compounds was 0,25-0,45 g/dm3 , and the amount of biologically active substances was 0,12-0,36 g/dm3 .

Annotation

The article presents the results of the study and evaluation of bunches, berries and seeds of some technical grape varieties, as well as the Moldova variety, which has a universal use in Azerbaijan. Morphological, biological and technological features of the varieties selected as the object of research were studied according to the descriptors of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV). Among the local and introduced grape varieties, Arna-grna, Khindogny, Gamashhara, Shirvanshahy and Moldova varieties outperformed the control and other tested varieties in terms of uvological parameters (weight, volume, bunch size, etc.). The yield of juice in the studied varieties varied within 63,5-86,8 %. The highest juice yield was noted in the Shirvanshahy variety (86,8 %), and the lowest in the varieties Carignan (63,5 %) and Syrah (63,8 %); the relatively low value of this indicator can be explained by the increased sensitivity shown by these varieties to local edaphoclimatic conditions, as well as climatic changes, when in the conditions of Azerbaijan in the areas of traditional rainfed viticulture, berries often do not gain enough juice without additional watering. By weight of 100 berries the studied varieties were mainly classified as small, and the varieties Arna-grna (481 g), Gyanjevi (341 g) and Moldova (317 g) were classified as medium. The sugar content of the berries of the studied grape varieties was assessed as medium, high and very high, in accordance with descriptor OIV 505; the highest indicator was noted in the Shirvanshahy variety (25,0 g/100 cm³).

Annotation

The article presents the results of studying the enocarpological characteristics of bunches and berries of local and introduced table and wine grape varieties cultivated in the Absheron region. In the course of the studies, it was found that indicators such as bunch weight, stem weight, skin and pulp residue, juice yield, and the amount of solid residue varied over a wide range depending on the grape variety; in particular, large, medium and small bunches were observed. During the research, it was found that such table and technical grape varieties as Tuya-tish, wild form 2, Alphonse Lavallee, Nagshebi, Digah kechimemesi, Gyozel uzum, Ganjavi, Digah gorasy, Ag Kharji, Uzun salkhym, according to enocarpological indicators (bunch weight, stem weight, skin and pulp residue, juice yield, percentage of seeds in the berry, weight of 100 seeds, solid residue) were noticeably different from other varieties. In the studied table grape varieties, the enocarpological parameters varied over wide ranges, the average weight of the bunch was 210.0-974.0 g, the weight of the stem concerning the total weight of the bunch was 0.7-9.6%, the residue of the skin and pulp was 18.0-40.0 %, juice yield � 51.0-72.7 %, seeds � 2.4-10.8 %, amount of solid residue � 27.3-49 %, and weight of 100 seeds � 2.7-14.0 g. In wine grape varieties, these indicators differed from table varieties. They were estimated as follows: bunch weight 178.7-548.0 g, stem weight concerning the total weight of the bunch � 1.8-6.5 %, the skin and pulp residue � 14.7-31.6 %, juice yield � 64.1-76.2 %, seeds � 2.7-7.4 %, amount of solid residue � 23.8-43.0 %. The highest weight of the bunch, stem, remaining skin and pulp, number of seeds, weight of 100 seeds, and the lowest juice yield were noted in table varieties; for wine grape varieties, this ratio was the opposite.