Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Under the favorable climatic conditions and with good agro-technology, the pear-tree produces high regular yields, a pear is a highly presentable crop and the pear varieties differ in productivity. The creation of highly productive pear orchards is impossible without the correct selection of rootstocks and varieties that, along with high taste and commercial qualities of fruits, are well adapted to the external conditions of specific regions, fast-growing and high productive with moderate tree growth and resistance to diseases and pests. This article presents the results of many years of work on breeding and variety study of pear in the Stavropol Territory. Data on the growth and fruiting characteristics of 12 pear varieties on the rootstocks of pear and quince A are presented. The influence of the rootstock tree vigor, the enter into the fruiting season, and the fruit maturation period is shown on the example of the Curie and Talgarskaya Krasavitsa pear varieties. Based on the research results, the tree planting schemes and scion-rootstock combinations for laying the gardens with a planting density of 555 and 1000 trees per hectare were identified and recommended. The promising pear varieties were identified and recommended for use in industrial cultivation in the South of Russia. Optimization of the pear assortment under the conditions of the South of Russia with new adaptive and productive varieties will make it possible to effectively realize the biological potential of pear varieties and increase in fruit production, as well as will allow you to get the fruits of high taste and commodity qualities, reduce the chemical treatments of gardens from vermins and diseases, and thus increase in the ecological safety of the environment.

Annotation

The selection of rootstock for sweet cherry is based on his adaptation to specific soil and climatic and technological conditions of culture. The recommended clonal and seed rootstocks at cultivation of gardens on soils of the Central Caucasus do not fully allow to realize the potential of this culture. Sweet cherry trees must have a strong, deeply penetrating, frost-resistant root system and high stable trunk to winter. The rootstocks from Antipka seedlings the most corresponds to requirements, the roots of Antipka quickly assimilate the large volumes of the soil. The big advantage of Antipka is quite high winter hardiness. Antipka is not only tolerates to low temperatures, but also promotes the increase in winter hardiness of a scion. The purpose of these research was to reveal the influence of grafting height on biological and economic properties of grafted plants of sweet cherry in a garden. The modern methods of field and laboratory research were used in a work. It is established that the increase in grafting height of sweet cherry varieties on Antipka seedlings from 3-5 to 40-60 cm considerably changes their biological and economic properties. This processing method promotes the reduction of trees height by 19 % and the volume of grown � by 50 %. The early maturing of trees, their productivity and frost resistance of trunks are increased. Improvement of fruit quality of sweet cherry is noted. It is shown that the total crop of Golubushka sweet cherry trees landing at the scheme of 5�3 m with variety's grafting at the height of 40-60 cm is 35,2 c/hectare more, than in control variant. It is noted the significant increase in productivity and quality of fruit harvesting on relatively low growing sweet cherry trees grafted on Antipka's trunks. Labor costs for cultivation and harvesting decrease by 35-62%.