Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The receiving of the big steady apple-tree harvest at the fruit orchards with a high agritechnology and with a strict varieties selection require the correct placement of varieties in a garden area. The careful selection of varieties and their correct placement in the industrial gardens improves the work organization in a garden and promotes of receiving the big harvest of apples. For each main apple variety in the garden it is necessary to select two pollinators. Two pollinators are necessary to guarantee the cross-pollination in the occasion of the one of two pollinators has the periodicity of fructification. The purpose of this work is selection for an apple-tree of the most effective couples: "pollinated variety � variety pollinator" under the conditions of Stavropol Region. In a course of conducted research the terms of blossoming, the compatibility, early fruiting, the productivity and other traits of varieties were considered. The work was carried out using of techniques of fruit varieties study. The combinations of "pollinated variety � a pollinator" were formed on the basis of comparison of terms of blossoming and taking into account the genetic compatibility of varieties. The most varieties in the experience have the highest point of blossoming (5,0 points), the minimum point of blossoming have Kitayka No. 3 and Kitayka Malinovaya (1,0 point). During research of 2011-2013 the apple-tree varieties with restrained growth are allocated; previously the apple-tree varieties lacking in prospect for pollination and perspective for these purposes are defined. In 2013 the Gertrude ��-64-6 apple-tree with productivity 13,1 kg/tree is allocated. Taking into account the average weight of a fruit the apple-trees named Krasnovishnevoye 2-68-10-12 and Chils Krimson ��-63-7-9 (116,6 g and 107,2 g) were allocated among varieties-pollinators.

Annotation

The fruit orchard's areas occupied by an apricot culture in the Stavropol Region are very insignificant. It is noted in the article that the main reason of it is an irregular fructification of an apricot trees because of a short rest period and destruction of floral buds from spring and winter fluctuations of temperature, and also from damage of plants by diseases � clasterosporium and monilia. The problem's solution of increase apricot's area in the region can be provided by the optimal placement of varieties corresponded to the requirements of culture, and also by selection of varieties for landing of gardens, which are more hardy to winter and steady against diseases. The purpose of the presented work is to carry out an economic and biological assessment of apricot varieties on a wild apricot rootstock during 2001-2013 under the conditions of Stavropol Region for allocation varieties for industrial use on totality of valuable signs. Research were conducted on the basis of the Stavropol Experimental Station of Gardening with use of well known techniques of studying of fruit crops varieties. In a course of conducted research and agritechnical calculations it is established that the greatest freezing point of floral and growth buds of studied varieties of apricot trees was 5,0 points in this year. Low temperatures of 2012 winter period led to essential depression of activators of clasterosporium and monilia. As a result of carried out long-term research and assessment of varieties on the main economical valuable signs most the productive apricot varieties with annual fructification are allocated. On the sum of estimating indicators that were defined in the experiment a number of apricot varieties are recommended for industrial use.