Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Mozhar Nina
Articles in journal: (total 12)
The work purpose is studying of varietal diversity of pear of early and late ripening, grown up under the conditions of Kuban; the research of biochemical composition of fruits and allocation of sources of raised content of biologically active substances. In research there were 20 grades of a pear varieties of various ripening from different places of growth, to reveal the influence of cultivation conditions on commodity qualities of fruits. The best zoned varieties are taken as a control. The assessment of fruits quality according to the content of soluble solids, sugars, titrable acids, vitamins and P-active substances was carried out according to "Methodical instructions for definition of chemical substances for an assessment of a crop quality of vegetable and fruit cultures". The varietal differences of content of soluble solids, sugars (including glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (citric, malic), vitamin C, polyphenols, pectin substances are established. The fractional composition of fruits of some pears varieties of early maturing showed that it consists generally of monosugars; the share of fructose are more than 60% that causes dietary properties of fruits. Acidity of pears doesnt exceed 0,40% (the Talgarskaya Krasavitsa). The malic, succinic and citric acids are found in their structure. Vitamin C accumulation varied on the average from 5,3 to 10,4 mg/100g. Pear varieties of Velesa, Skromnitsa, Bere Krasnokytskaya, Krasulya, Melitopolyskaya are allocated as a result. These varieties differ of high commodity qualities and high content of nutritious and biologically active substances.
The deliveries of pear fruits from abroad increase last time, therefore the problem of strengthening of local breeding on stability of pear varieties with improved flavoring and commodity qualities of fruits is urgent. The purpose of our research was the selection of new pear varieties with a complex of valuable signs for expansion of pear assortment in the Northern Caucasus. The results of long-term work on breeding and variety's study of pear in the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture are presented in the article. It is adduced the data on a damage rate of generative organs of plants by spring frosts and also it is selected the late blossoming varieties which are of interest to production and breeding use. It is shown that the Zolushka, the Lyuberskaya, the Malyshka, and elite 4-4-16 are high productive and they are recommended for industrial studying. The reaction of pear varieties on stressful conditions (drought) during forming and growth of fruits is adduced. The summer maturing varieties, which fruits don't react on high temperatures, develop well and slightly reduce the weight, are noted. The pear varieties with valuable indicators are selected and recommended for use in the breeding programs directed on creating of new varieties with the special signs. The short characteristic of the Malyshka and Assol pear varieties accepted in the State variety's testing is given. The promising pear varieties for industrial use in the South of Russia are recommended and these varieties will allow you to increase the orchards yield capacity for 14,2 % and to gain an additional income from fruits realization in the amount of 24,7 thousand rubles on hectare
Under the favorable climatic conditions and with good agro-technology, the pear-tree produces high regular yields, a pear is a highly presentable crop and the pear varieties differ in productivity. The creation of highly productive pear orchards is impossible without the correct selection of rootstocks and varieties that, along with high taste and commercial qualities of fruits, are well adapted to the external conditions of specific regions, fast-growing and high productive with moderate tree growth and resistance to diseases and pests. This article presents the results of many years of work on breeding and variety study of pear in the Stavropol Territory. Data on the growth and fruiting characteristics of 12 pear varieties on the rootstocks of pear and quince A are presented. The influence of the rootstock tree vigor, the enter into the fruiting season, and the fruit maturation period is shown on the example of the Curie and Talgarskaya Krasavitsa pear varieties. Based on the research results, the tree planting schemes and scion-rootstock combinations for laying the gardens with a planting density of 555 and 1000 trees per hectare were identified and recommended. The promising pear varieties were identified and recommended for use in industrial cultivation in the South of Russia. Optimization of the pear assortment under the conditions of the South of Russia with new adaptive and productive varieties will make it possible to effectively realize the biological potential of pear varieties and increase in fruit production, as well as will allow you to get the fruits of high taste and commodity qualities, reduce the chemical treatments of gardens from vermins and diseases, and thus increase in the ecological safety of the environment.
Data about features and damage degree by spring frosts of pear varieties generative organs are presented. In the collection of pear the varieties Wiliams Stavropolskiy, Lira, Rassvet, Sonata are selected on stability of flowers to spring frosts
The assortment of pear varieties which are grown up in the South of Russia does not fully meets to requirements of intensive gardening, that is why the low productivity of long-term pear plantings is observed. The low resistance of many varieties to a complex of adverse factors of environment and discrepancy of biological features of varieties to cultivation conditions are the main reasons for it. The results of work on study of pear varieties in the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture are presented in the article. The purpose of research is the study of pear collection for elucidation of influence of growth conditions on the studied pear varieties and selection of the valuable genotypes. capable to adapt under these conditions and to conform to modern requirements of fruit growing. The field methods are used in a work. The research were conducted according to programs and techniques both well-known and again developed and modified. In the study there were 60 of pear varieties of various maturing terms from different places of growth and having a wide area of spreading. Data about features and damage rate of pear generative organs by spring frosts are adduced. The damage of generative organs of all studied varieties, irrespective of development degree of a flower, was noted. The degree of frost damage of flowers fluctuated from 10 to 92,3 % depending on type of variety. There are selected the pear varieties with low resistance to spring frosts: Vega, Aleksandra, Caucasus, Roksolana, Yuzhanka, Samarkandskaya Zimnya. As a result of research the varieties with late blossoming and with resistance of flowers to returnable frosts are selected: Lyuberskaya, Osnovyanskaya, Originalnaea, Koketka, Abbat Fetel. The pear varieties with good prospect are recommended for use in the industrial production under the conditions of the South of Russia.