Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In recent years it is preferred a laying of fruit orchards to carry out by saplings that have a crown, which at least accelerate for a year of formation of tree's crowns and getting of the first commercial crop of fruits. The fast fructification and productivity of fruit plantings depend on quality of landing material. The requirements to quality of landing material increase all the time. The new way of cultivation of two-year saplings had a crown on KNIP-BAUM system is offered. The saplings which are grown up on this system are already capable to lay the floral buds in the nursery, and in a year of landing to give 3-5 kg of fruits from a tree. The technology of their cutting is very simple. The main lack of KNIP-BAUM system is cultivation of saplings within three years, that in comparison with receiving of one year saplings using two-year cycle of cultivation, considerably increases the expenses. In this article it is shown, that improving of existing technology of cultivation of a fruit plant using an inoculation in one-year shoot of a rootstock at the height of 55-60 cm, and also due to use of part of a rootstock for formation of future trunk of a sapling, it is possible to increase in intensity of growth and development of a sapling. So, the height of annual apple-tree sapling at a high inoculation increased on 16-26 cm in our experiments, the total growth of shoots increased by 1,5-1,7 times, the laying of branches in a plant crown increased in 2,5-2,7 times. Parameters of an annual sapling became to correspond to a two-year sapling with one-year crown. However the period of cultivation of such saplings was reduced by one year that is an undoubted advantage of this technology.