Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the characteristics of genotypes of the East Asian species of stone fruit plants related to Prunus L. Genetic diversity of the collection includes 14 species and 4 varieties including: breeding varieties - 87, hybrids - 23, local varieties - 237, genotypes of wild East Asian species - 227. Based on the polymorphism of wild species the intraspecific taxonomy was developed for P. sachalinensis, P. kurilensis, P. glandulosa depending on the colour of flower petals. The sources of significant selection traits were identified to create the adaptive varieties for the Far East and Siberia: it is identified for the genotypes of P. maackii, P. tomentosaandP. glandulos� have the complete monogenetic resistance to coccomyces; the studied genotypes of P. maximoviczii, P. kurilensis, P. padus have the high immune response. It is proposed to include in the breeding programs: 40 genotypes of P. sachalinensis with sour-sweet and sweet taste of fruit that is quite rare for this species, 5 genotypes of P. mandshurica with large sour-sweet fruits, 4 genotypes of P. padus with early ripening sour-sweet fruits, one genotype of P. padus with late blooming and sour-sweet fruits, two genotypes of P. glandulosa with sour-sweet fruits and high winter resistance. All the studied wild stone plant species can be use as donors of high resistance to winter conditions and to coccomyces. Currently there is enough comprehensive information about genotype composition of the collection of East Asian stone plant species related to Prunus Lavailable on the Far Eastern Experimental Station, VIR.