Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The aim of the research is to study the quality of fresh berries of table grapes for keeping their quality, depending on varietal characteristics and post-harvest treatments with SmartFresh. The article presents the results of storage of table grapes of Moldova, Podarok Zaporozh'yu, Nizina, grown in the Krasnodar Region. The grapes were treated after harvesting with a SmartFresh preparation in a closed chamber for 24 hours and stored under normal atmosphere conditions at a temperature of + 1-2 ºC and a relative humidity of 90-95 %. It is established that carrying out post-harvest treatments with SmartFresh makes it possible to better preserve the commercial qualities of grapes. It is shown that the Moldova and Nizina varieties have a high biological leaveness. In post-harvest grapes treatments with SmartFresh, the ripening of grapes went slower, and the dry matter content in berries was 18-28 % less than in the control bunches. The use of the SmartFresh inhibited the synthesis of ethylene: during storage a slight increase in ethylene in the processed variants was observed � in 1,3-2,2 times, in a control much more � in 5,5-11,6 times. The level of intensity of ethylene extrac-tion after three months of storage in the processed bunches of grapes is 2,5 times lower (variety of Nizina), 4,7 times (Podarok Zaporozh'yu) and 6,3 times (Moldova), than in a control. From the materials presented in the article, the conclusion follows that the use of post-harvest treatments of grapes with the SmartFresh preparation ensures a long-term preservation of its commercial qualities and the high biological value when stored under normal conditions.

Annotation

The results of research of 8 modern remontant raspberry varieties adapted to technologies for crop of berries in autumn period at the annual shoots are presented. The complex biochemical and technological evaluation of raspberries on commodity quality, content of soluble solids, sugars, organic and amino acids, vitamins and polyphenols is given. Varieties for targeted use in the manufacture of jam and frozen products are allocated

Annotation

In the condition of Krasnodar region the chemi-cal composition of 23 varieties of strawberries introduced is studied. Varietal differences on the content of soluble solids, sugars (including glu-cose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (citric, ma-lic), vitamin C, F, free amino acids, aromatic, pectin and minerals are established. Varieties and hybrids that are the sources of the high content of biologically active substances are allocated.

Annotation

Taking in account the diverse of broccoli chemical composition as a source of essential nutrients, it is important to study the quality indicators of broccoli organs, which allow us to obtain new experimental data and to identify the sources of the most valuable components of biologically active substances. The objects of research were various organs of broccoli cabbage (for example, the Maraton variety): heads, stem, non-woody cuttings, as well as broccoli seedlings grown in Daghestan. It was found that the most valuable organ of broccoli cabbage by chemical composition is the head, which is the main source of natural antioxidants, vitamins C, PP, E, P. It was shown that the axillary heads have the highest content of vitamin C (198.8 mg/100 g), slightly lower than that in the main heads (154.0 mg/100 g). Broccoli heads are a source of minerals. The main heads contain 321.9 mg/100 g of potassium, 43.4 mg/100 g of calcium, 20.3 mg/100 g of magnesium, 54.8 mg/100 g of phosphorus and 0.56 mg/100 g of iron, in the axillary heads the value of these indicators are lower. The sources of valuable nutrients are juicy stems and a non-woody stalk too. The stems of broccoli contain more sugars, fiber, and pectin substances than that in the head, and besides the axillary stems contain more of these nutrients. The edible juicy stalks are also rich in vitamins, the content of which is lower than that in the heads. The main stems are rich in vitamin PP, vitamin E, and contain less vitamin C, in comparison with axillary ones. The content of vitamin P in the stalks of broccoli cabbage is significantly lower than that in the heads. Non-woody broccoli cabbage is characterized by a maximum content of fiber, sugar and pectin substances, the content of vitamin C in ones is lower than that in the heads and stems. Broccoli seedling are a valuable organic product, due to the high level of antioxidants 19.8 mg / kg, the presence of an important biologically active substance indole-3-carbinol in the amount of 7.0 mg/kg. It can be concluded that the heads and stems of broccoli cabbage can be used in food to improve the structure of nutrition, as sources of vitamins C, PP, E and minerals, as well as to obtain natural food for functional purposes. Non-woody broccoli cuttings are recommended as a fiber-fortifying component in the production of functional food products, and the seedlings to produce the biologically active supplements, as sources of indole-3-carbinol.

Annotation

Under the aggravating of environmental conditions, changes in the structure of nutrition of the population and the lack of useful substances in the food of Russians, the fresh fruits and berries are an indispensable component of a balanced diet. Strawberry berries successfully cultivated in the Krasnodar Territory, contain a complex of nutrients that provide the human body with a set of vital components. The article presents the results of the study of commercial qual-ity and chemical composition of 7 strawberry varieties of NCFSCHVW breeding. In terms of commercial quality, the varieties of Elegia, Kemia, Taira, Nelli, having the large berries with dense flesh, are selected. The varietal differences and the limits of accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, acids, vitamin C and P-active substances, which determine the high nutritional quality and therapeutic properties of strawberries, have been established. Soluble dry substances of the studied varieties, accumulating in the range of 7.2-9.0 %, are mainly represented by carbohydrates (5.4-6.7 %), the acidity varies from 0.85 to 1.28 %, the content of vitamin C varies from 47.9 to 73.4 mg / 100 g, the number of catechins � from 58.3 to 92.1 mg/100 g, leuanthocyanins � from 53.8 to 101.4 mg/100 g, anthocyanins � from 60.0 to 102.0 mg / 100 g. A high varietal variability of the total amount of phenolic compounds from 274.5 to 372.4 mg / 100 g has been established. The source-varieties have been identified with high levels of soluble solids and sugars, acids, vitamin C, and P-active catechins, anthocyanins, total polyphenols. Due to the high commodity qualities and the increased content of natural antioxidants, the strawberry berries of NCFSCHVW breeding varieties as Nelli, Kemia, Taira can be recommended for cultivation in the fruit-growing farms of the Krasnodar Territory. Consumption of fresh strawberry berries as a dessert will fill the ration of Russians with essential micronutrients of natural origin.