Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The research reviewed the literature on the history of nectarine culture, whose home is China. The moving progress of nectarine from China to the West along the ancient silk road through the Central Asia and West Asia (Persia), Greece, Italy, throughout Europe and other continents is shown. It is revealed that nectarine varieties had been were in Central Asia and Iran from China 3000-4000 years ago, and from here over 2,000 years ago were introduced into Southern Europe. It is shown that the Crimean EBS VIR and in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden selected the best varieties of nectarines that are of interest to a wide introduction in production and further use in breeding. In the process of the initial investigation of genetic nectarine resources are identified the varieties and forms with valuable breeding traits. Among them are: genotypes with male sterility, seed sweet taste, honey taste of the fruit, with genetically marker signs (with white flower, with red leaf), from very early to late ripening, with white and yellow flash and large size for industrial horticulture. The best nectarine varieties of introduction and selection of the Crimean EBS VIR are following: Krasnodarets, Oreon, Raduzhnyiy 7 , Rozovaya Printsessa , Silver Roma, Skif. The best nectarine large-fruited varieties in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden are selected. The are Kryimchanin, Rubinovy 4, Rubinovy 8 and Rubinovyiy 9. Especially valuable nectarine genotypes differing in seed sweet taste are Krasnodarets, Kryimchanin, Rubinovy 9.