Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of these research is the definition of influence extent of manual and chemical rate setting of flowers and an ovary the harvest formation, commodity quality of fruits, the contents of biologically active substances in the fruits, and also the influence of that technique the formation of the assimilate and acquiring fruit surface of apple-tree under the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The research were carried out in 2011-2015 in the apple-tree plantings of Minkar and Golden Delishes, on a M 9 rootstock, on the Scientific-production plot of the Melitopol Experimental Station of gardening. Rate setting of trees load have included the manual thinning of flowers and an ovary, and also the chemical processing of an ovary by phytohormonal preparations (Arbolin, Gibberellin); the control group in the experience is the winter pruning of trees without rate setting. Accounting and observations in the experiments were made according to the standard techniques of research in the gardening. It is shown that the most essential increase in productivity of both studied apple varieties is reached when processing an ovary by Arbolin � 16,3 kg/tree; the group with trees processing by Gibberellin differs insignificantly on this indicator � 15,0 kg/tree. The largest mass of fruits is observed when thinning an ovary by Arbolin. It is established as a result of the carried out research that the most perspective from the tested techniques of rate setting according to a complex of indicators is the chemical thinning of an ovary by phytohormonal preparation of Arbolin. The use of this preparation increased in fruit formation and an assimilatory surface of apple-trees by 1,3-1,6 times, productivity � on 14 %, the fruits mass � on 24 %, output of fruits of the highest commodity grade has increased in 15 % and at the same time the share of second grade fruits has decreased 2,7 times. Profitability of this technique in our experiences is 299 %.