Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Industrial lands of hazelnut need protection from water erosion, so the new plantation must use the technology with protection against erosion. Thanks to well developed root system and the longevity the hazelnut plants are used for reducing water erosion of soils, and consolidation of slopes. Biological features of hazelnut is the ability to form numerous stem, which is an important element in the formation of erosion protective orchards. We have been carried out the experience to create a new design of hazelnuts orchards, providing the high yielding and organization of stem over year. In the experience we used domestic hazelnut variety of native breeding � Cherkesskiy 2. The field and laboratory methods are used in research, as well as the methodology and program of fruit, nut and berry crops breeding. Over 10 years of research the productivity of hazelnuts, when stem were preserved in the lower half-meter of the area, was higher by 52.3% than one in the control (standard formation of intensive type), and by 62.5 % more than at the standard formation of type "Tatura", and by 2.6 times more in comparison with the cultivation system of hazelnuts by bushes. This advantage is achieved due to the greater mass of nuts and their amount. We made conclusion, that the design of erosion control of hazelnuts orchards is very promising from a position higher (by 2 time) yields of high quality nuts. This orchard construction is a big resource to prevent a soil erosion, to increase in fertility, to suppress weeds, to provide a mechanized harvesting, to reduce in the cost for removing of stem and it delivers more than twice the increase in economic indicators of nuts production.