Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Monogenic scab resistance is important breeding trait of apple-tree. The use of molecular markers allows us in the early stages of ontogenesis to determine with high reliability the presence of the necessary genes in the genome and to reduce the time of the breeding process. The present study shows the results of the DNA analysis of apple hybrid seedlings on Rvi6 and Rvi4 genes of monogenic scab resistance. The biological objects of the study were apple initial forms of Akademik Kazakov, Bylina, Valuta, Imant and Kandil' Orlovskiy and also the seedlings of combinations of crosses Bylina × Kandil' Orlovskiy, Kandil' Orlovskiy × Bylina, Valuta × Imant, Valuta × Akademik Kazakov. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the fresh apple leaves using the CTAB methods according to DArT. The Rvi6 gene was identified with SCAR marker AL07. The presence of Rvi4 gene was detected with the multiallelic SCAR marker AD13. The joint inheritance of characteristics these genes in hybrid combinations was analyzed. The average number of apple seedlings with the genotype Rvi6+Rvi4 on analyzed combinations of crosses were 34.8%. Identified forms combining dominant allele Rvi4 with Rvi6 gene in the homozygous dominant state (Rvi6Rvi6) in genome: 3-11-4, 3-11-33, 3-11-46 (Bylina × Kandil' Orlovskiy), 31-11-17, 31-11-25, 31-11-42 (Kandil' Orlovskiy × Bylina), 9-12-9, 9-12-30 (Valuta × Imant), 6-12-23, 6-12-24 (Valuta × Akademik Kazakov). The largest number of hybrid seedlings combining the Rvi4 gene with Rvi6 gene in the homozygous dominant state was identified in the combination of crosses like Kandil' Orlovskiy × Bylina (11.6%), the smallest number � in the hybrid combination of Valuta × Imant (6.4 %).

Annotation

Anthracnose black rot caused by phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Colletotrichum is one of the most widespread diseases of strawberry, causing a significant damage to industrial plantations. The defeat of strawberry with anthracnose can lead to the loss of more than 80% of the crop. Most of the strawberry varieties intended for industrial cultivation are susceptible to anthracnose black rot in various degree. This study presents the results of PCR analysis of varieties and forms of strawberry (F. × ananassa Duch.) taking into account the Rca2 gene of resistance to anthracnose. Biological objects of research were the cultivars of garden strawberry of various ecological and geographical origin and perspective selective forms of FSBSI �FSC I.V. Michurin� breeding. To assess the allelic state of the Rca2 gene of strawberry stability to anthracnose SCAR marker STS-Rca2_240 was used. The PCR process was monitored by the SSR marker of EMFv020. The article shows the results of DNA analysis of varieties and selected seedlings of strawberry using the Rca2 gene of resistance to anthracnose. Based on the evaluation of the allelic state of the Rca2 gene, the Laetitia strawberry variety is resistant to anthracnose (the supposed genotype Rca2Rca2 or Rca2rca2), which allow us to recommend it for breeding as a promising source of resistance to C. Acutatum Simmonds of the 2nd pathogenic group. The other analyzed genotypes have a recessive homozygous status on the marker STS-Rca2_240 (the supposed genotype Rca2Rca2), which indicates their susceptibility to the causative agent of anthracnose black rot of the 2nd pathogenic group.

Annotation

The aroma of fruits is an important consumer trait of strawberry varieties. Among the most important aromatic substances contained in strawberry fruits is γ-decalactone, which has a peach-like, fruity sweet aroma. The present study shows the results of the molecular genetic analysis of strawberry varieties and selected forms created in the "I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center", according to the FaFAD1 gene involved in the biosynthesis of γ-decalactone, to identify promising genotypes for breeding to fruit aroma. The biological objects of the study were strawberry varieties and selected forms of the breeding "I.V. Michurin FSC": Lastochka, Privlekatelnaya, Urozhaynaya CGL, Feyyerverk, Flora, Yarkaya, 26-5 (Rubinovyy kulon × 298-19-9-43), 56-5, 56-8 (Gigantella Maxim × Privlekatelnaya), 61-12 (Bylinnaya × Olimpiyskaya nadezhda), 72-25 (Privlekatelnaya ×Bylinnaya), 928-12 (298-19-9-43 × Privlekatelnaya), 932-29 (F. virginiana subsp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt × Feyyerverk) and 298-19-9-43 (FB2 F. orientalis Los., F. moschata Duch., F. × ananassa Duch.). Genomic DNA extraction was carried out from young leaves according to the modified CTAB method. The FaFAD1 gene was identified with dominant DNA marker FaFAD1. As the result of the molecular genetic research, the following strawberry selected forms, promising for breeding to improved fruit aroma, were identified: 72-25 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya), 56-8 (Gigantella Maxim × Privlekatelnaya), 61-12 (Bylinnaya × Olimpiyskaya nadezhda), which are characterized by the presence of a functional allele of the FaFAD1 gene. The strawberry selected form 72-25 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya) is additionally characterized by the presence of the FaOMT gene in the heterozygous state, so this form is a complex source of fruit aroma genes (FaOMT and FaFAD1).

Annotation

The characteristic �strawberry� aroma of strawberry fruit is due to the presence of methyl anthranilate (methyl ester of anthranilic acid). The present study shows the results of the marker-assisted screening of promising strawberry selected forms created in the �I.V. Michurin FSC�, according to the FanAAMT gene controlling biosynthesis of methyl anthranilate. The biological objects of the study were strawberry selected hybrid forms 298-19-9-43 (FB2 F. orientalis, F. moschata, F. × ananassa), 26-5, 928-12, 913-102, 913-157 (FB3 F. orientalis, F. moschata, F. × ananassa), 932-29 (F. virginiana subsp. platypetala × Feyyerverk), 56-5, 56-18, 56-20 (Gigantella Maxim × Privlekatelnaya), 65-26 (Olimpiyskaya nadezhda × Bylinnaya), 61-22 (Bylinnaya × Olimpiyskaya nadezhda), 75-80, 75-68 (Tokado × Elianny), 28-11, 28-36 (Lakomaya× Maryshka), 21-14 (Urozhaynaya CGL × Rubinovyy kulon), and 72-67 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya). Total genomic strawberry DNA was extracted according to the modified CTAB method. The FanAAMT gene was identified with primers FanAAMT for/rev. As a result of the studies, the genetic sources of the functional allele of the FanAAMT gene were identified � strawberry selected forms 26-5 (Rubinovyy kulon× (([(F. orientalis Los. × Cavalier) × F. moschata Duch.] × Redcoat) × Senga Sengana)) and 928-12 ((([(F. orientalis Los. × Cavalier) × F. moschata Duch.] × Redcoat) × Senga Sengana) × Privlekatelnaya). It was found that the parental strawberry forms � wild species F. virginiana subsp. platypetala strawberry varieties Bylinnaya, Privlekatelnaya, Rubinovyy kulon, Feyyerverk are characterized by a heterozygous combination of alleles of the FanAAMT gene. The strawberry selected forms 26-5 and 928-12 are also characterized by a heterozygous genotype for the FaOMT mesifurane biosynthesis gene, which allows them to be used as complex sources of fruit aromatic complex genes.