Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Natural conditions of Crimea are favorable for the successful cultivation of a variety of fruit, berry and other crops. In this region, horticulture is one of the priority branches of the agro-industrial complex the main task of which is to provide the population with fruits, berries and their derived products. The most important direction in improving the efficiency of Crimean horticulture is its further intensification using clonal rootstocks, highly productive varieties and technological developments adapted to the conditions of growth. The article presents an overview and results of a long-term study of rootstocks, varieties, their combinations and methods of cultivating the competitive, headed planting material of fruit crops. A new clon-al rootstock K104 was selected and included in the State Register of Selection Achievements Approved for Use, which by force of growth, occupies an intermediate position between M9 and MM106 and does not require the installation of an expensive trellis. Slightly growing clonal rootstocks KA 61, KA 86, KA 53, KA 92 for pear were created, resistant to high content of CaCO3 in the soil (up to 30%). The productivity of these rootstocks in the mother plantation is 20-30 % higher than that of VA 29; in the garden � by 25-30 %. By fast ripening and high yielding, the rootstocks for peach � BBA-1 and Evrika 99 in combination with varieties of Veteran and Redhaven were distinguished. Among the seed rootstocks, GF-305 distinguished itself. Intensive gardening presupposes the mandatory transfer of the industry to a virus-free basis. It is established that the yield capacity of plantings planted the material healthy from the main virus diseases is higher by 25-30 %.