Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The biological potential of plum-tree allows to cultivate it according to innovative technologies involving the use of clone rootstocks and compacted planting schemes. The paper presents the results of observations of Eureka-99 and VVA-1 clonal rootstocks growing in the garden under the dry conditions of Astrakhan Region. The control was the trees grafted on apricot seedlings. The purpose of research is to assess the economic and biological indicators of Renclod Altana plum variety (peculiarities of tree`s growth and development, fast maturity, productivity, fruit weight) when growing on clone rootstocks and to base their use for laying the intensive plum plantations under the arid conditions of the Astrakhan Region. It was found that the clonal rootstock accelerate the beginning of the main development phenological phases of scion-rootstock combinations. Compared with the control, the winter dormancy period of plants studied ends 12 ... 14 days earlier, the beginning of vegetation and flowering are ahead of the control by 8...10 and 5...6 days, respectively. It is shown that the Renclod Altana variety on clonal rootstocks has more compact trees, their height at the age of six years is about 2.5...2.7 m, the crown volume is 2.1...2.4, m3, the cross-section area of the stem is 8.5...18.1 cm. In the first stage of research it is revealed the influence of weakly rootstocks tested the early fruiting of plum trees: flowering was observed in the second year, fruiting � in the third year, on the seed rootstock � in the fifth year. In the initial period of fruiting, the clonal rootstocks provided higher productivity of Renclod Altana plum trees which was 8.4 kg / tree on VVA-1 and 13.6 kg / tree on the Eureka-99. The largest plum fruits are formed on the semi-dwarf rootstock of Eureka-99 (30.4 g).

Annotation

The article presents the results of studying the graft-rootstock combinations of domestic plum: Kubanskaya rannyaya, Renklod Altana, Velikaya sinyaya, Volgogradskaya, Bogatyrskaya, Zainap, Ispolinskaya, Berbank, Anna Shpet, Anzhelina, in the extremely arid Conditions of the Astrakhan region, Grafted onto medium-sized clonal Rootstocks VVA-1 and Evrika-99. According to climatic conditions, the study area belongs to a highly arid zone with an aridity coefficient of 0.11 ... 0.31 and is the most continental and arid part of the European territory of Russia, characterized by limited moisture, a high probability of dry years and high air temperatures. The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature is 70-80 ºC. There is very little annual precipitation � 250-260 mm per year. Against the background of very high evaporation, the moisture coefficient has very low values: 0.25-0.27. Summers are long and dry; winters are cold and have little snow. A sharp transition f rom an inclement winter to a hot summer, a lack of precipitation, and frequent droughts are a climatic feature of the region. The study of the water-holding capacity of domestic plum varieties in the specific climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region is timely and relevant. As a result of a comparative study of domestic plum varieties in terms of water-holding capacity of leaves in the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, drought-resistant varieties were identified that are most adapted to the conditions of the region. The Bogatyrskaya variety has a good water-holding capacity on the VVA�1 rootstock, the water loss after withering was 56.3 %, on the Evrika-99 rootstock � the water loss of the Ispolinskaya variety after withering was 60.6 %. The Zainap variety is characterized by low resistance to stressors of the summer period, the water content of which was 42.7 %.