Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The walnut assortment in the south of Russia needs improvement and addition varieties with grades with high adaptability to the volatile climate of region. One of aspects of breeding programs is existence of genetic resources with a wide range of economic and valuable traits. In the NCRRIH&V since 2012 the research work on mobilization of a gene pool of the sort Juglans for breeding is forced. According to the priorities in walnut breeding the work includes the foreign varieties and search of highly productive local forms. Work on selection of forms for an introduction was carried out in 2012-2015 in the territory of Krasnodar Region, and also in some other regions of the Russian Federation: Rostov, Volgograd, Ryazan and Tula regions. For primary assessment of productivity used such indicators as quantity of nuts in kg/tree and a visual assessment in points. As a result the collection of Institute was added with twenty varieties and forms allowing to increase in resistance of new walnut varieties to stressor and also to increase in productivity and quality of fruits. The perspective samples on the parameters, the most actual for breeding process, have been selected. The mobilized genetic resources can significantly add a walnut collection NCRRIH&V with such major traits as frost resistance, high productivity and resistance to pathogens of various origin. This material is certainly interesting to inclusion in the breeding process, and on this basis the new varieties combining the high productivity with resistance to biotic and abiotic stressor will be created.

Annotation

Walnut Persian has long been Common in the North Caucasus, but its orchards are from seed origin mainly and localized mainly in the forest farms and the individual sector. Their productivity due to connection with a variety of seeds is low. This level of yield does not correspond to the genetic potential of the crop, therefore, the gradual replacement of unproductive seed plantations with varietal is one of the main ways of intensification the tree farming industry in the North Caucasus Region. The North Caucasus, and in particular the Krasnodar Territory, has the favorable soil and climatic conditions for the development of industrial walnut production. The cultivation of walnut on a varietal basis in recent years has become possible because of the successful solution of the problem of creating a regional assortment and technology of growing of grafted planting material. As a result of the study, it was breeded and zoned the varieties such as Aurora, Dachny, Zarya Vostoka, Lyubimy Petrosyana, Nadezhda, Oven, Pelan, Rodina, Urojainy and a number of promising varieties (with apical-lateral and lateral fruiting � Cavkazec, Novinka, Nakhodka, Khutorok, Arpet , Desertny, Izyashchny, Maslyanichny, Selektsioner, Sovkhozny, Konkistador, Olympyets, possessing a complex of economically valuable properties. A number of varieties have the increasing winter hardness and in the cold extreme winters are able to preserve a significant part of fruit wood. Other varieties have a late flowering and thus avoid returning spring frosts, which ultimately improves the economic efficiency of cultivated fruit production and reduces the risk of loss from adverse environmental climatic factors. The article presents four new promising va-rieties of walnut, of FSBI NCFSCHVW breeding which are recommended for widespread production testing under the conditions of the Prikubansky zone of the Krasnodar Territory, as for well as their transfer to the State variety Testing.