Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of studying the graft-rootstock combinations of domestic plum: Kubanskaya rannyaya, Renklod Altana, Velikaya sinyaya, Volgogradskaya, Bogatyrskaya, Zainap, Ispolinskaya, Berbank, Anna Shpet, Anzhelina, in the extremely arid Conditions of the Astrakhan region, Grafted onto medium-sized clonal Rootstocks VVA-1 and Evrika-99. According to climatic conditions, the study area belongs to a highly arid zone with an aridity coefficient of 0.11 ... 0.31 and is the most continental and arid part of the European territory of Russia, characterized by limited moisture, a high probability of dry years and high air temperatures. The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature is 70-80 ºC. There is very little annual precipitation � 250-260 mm per year. Against the background of very high evaporation, the moisture coefficient has very low values: 0.25-0.27. Summers are long and dry; winters are cold and have little snow. A sharp transition f rom an inclement winter to a hot summer, a lack of precipitation, and frequent droughts are a climatic feature of the region. The study of the water-holding capacity of domestic plum varieties in the specific climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region is timely and relevant. As a result of a comparative study of domestic plum varieties in terms of water-holding capacity of leaves in the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, drought-resistant varieties were identified that are most adapted to the conditions of the region. The Bogatyrskaya variety has a good water-holding capacity on the VVA�1 rootstock, the water loss after withering was 56.3 %, on the Evrika-99 rootstock � the water loss of the Ispolinskaya variety after withering was 60.6 %. The Zainap variety is characterized by low resistance to stressors of the summer period, the water content of which was 42.7 %.