Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The success of creating new forms of Feijoa sellowiana largely depends on the variety of sources of economically valuable traits used in the breeding process. The feijoa gene pool has been formed in the FRC SSC RAS due to the introduction of varieties and forms, as well as by replenishing it with samples of its own breeding, numbering 40 forms, of which 5 varieties and 7 elite forms. The hybrid fund has 429 seedlings from directed breeding. Carriers of economically valuable traits are selected from the collection: yield capacity � �Superba�, �Dagomysskaya' (110-120 c/ha); large fruits � �Dagomysskaya' (95.2 g), �Superba' (85.5 g). The sources of early maturity (II-III decades of September � I decade of October) are the varieties �September�, �Dachnaya', SHV-1, 4-10, 12-5. Varieties with a high amount of biologically active compounds were identified � �Dachnaya� (polyphenols (41.16 mg /100 g of raw mass); �Dagomysskaya� (routine (42.1 mg/ 100 g of raw mass); the largest amount of ascorbic acid is contained in the fruits of �Dachnaya� (52.19 mg %), �September� (50.46 mg %), SHV-1 (50.08 mg %). Carriers of high pollen fertility are the varieties �Dagomysskaya� (78.8 %), �Dachnaya' (77.8 %) and forms 12-5 (69.42 %), �Superba� (68.30 %), which can be recommended as paternal forms when creating intervarietal hybrids. From 2018 to 2021, 25 intervarietal crosses were carried out. 4930 flowers were pollinated, 2792 seeds were obtained, 1754 hybrids were grown, 429 forms were isolated, which are valuable material for further breeding research on breeding new varieties of feijoa for the subtropics of Russia. At the early stages of the development of seedlings from the combination 'September� × �Dagomysskaya�, the largest number of promising forms (36 pcs.) were identified. Compact forms with shortened internodes (3.2 cm) were obtained from crosses �Dachnaya� × 12-5 and �Dachnaya� × 6-24. Forms with active branching are highlighted in the combinations �September� × �Dagomysskaya and �September� × �Superba'. In the combinations �Superba� × �Dagomysskaya� and 8-10 × 'Superba', tall hybrids with internode lengths of 5.8 and 5.6 cm were obtained.