Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the actual results of observations on the prevalence of sugescent pests in the Rostov region, the dynamics of abundance, population, and the peculiarities of the phenological development of pests on technical varieties, depending on meteorological conditions. It is noted that an air temperature of +14 ... +30 ºC and a relative humidity of 52 % are necessary to maintain viability and fertility. The eggs of the buffalo ceresa leafhopper overwinter in the branches and trunks of trees of woody species, often in young annual shoots. The female ovipositor cuts the bark and lays eggs in two rows of 5-11 eggs. Damage by the buffalo ceresa leafhopper causes a violation of the flow of nutrients to the tops of shoots, weakening and a sharp decrease in their growth. The rose leafhopper gives up to 4 generations during the summer. Damaged leaves turn yellow, photosynthesis processes are disrupted in them, plant nutrition deteriorates, which affects the reduction of economically valuable indicators. The presence of sucking pests increases the risk of spreading viral diseases. Insecticides and phytosanitary monitoring are most effective in fruit-bearing vineyards only in combination with high agricultural techniques of cultivation. In this connection, there is a decrease in yield losses and environmental pollution with chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with weeds in a timely manner, to carry out maintenance work to ensure good ventilation of grape bushes, to regularly carry out phytosanitary monitoring of the population with sugescent pests and diseases, to carry out row-to-row tillage. Chemical treatments are necessary only if the threshold number of pests is exceeded. The article provides suggestions on how to contain the number of pests at a low level to obtain an environmentally safe grape yield.

Annotation

The publication presents the results of studies to determine the population size of grape thrips Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel and the extent of distribution of on the Don under different meteorological conditions. The studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the conditions of two agrocenoses of Novocherkassk and Nizhnekundryuchensky Branches of the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Ya. I. Potapenko Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking. The subject of the study was the dynamics of the prevalence and harmfulness of grape thrips on the technical grape varieties Tsvetochnyi and Cabernet severnyi, in an uncovered culture. In the context of the widespread distribution of sugescent pests of grapes, the issue of protecting production plantings and improved basic plantings of the mother plant from them is acute, using the method of monitoring studies to signal the population size using flower traps. Therefore, the study of the development features of grape thrips, both in the conditions of the mother plant of basic plants and fruit-bearing vineyards and their influence on the economically valuable traits of grapes, is relevant. Grape thrips is a relatively new species for grape plants in the Rostov region, migrating from abandoned areas with weeds adjacent to the vineyards in search of food. To contain the prevalence of the grape thrips population below the economically significant threshold of harmfulness in agrocenoses, it is necessary to conduct timely phytosanitary monitoring. Under the conditions of two agrocenoses in 2021 and 2022, two generations of grape thrips developed during the growing season: the first at the end of May, the second at the end of June. The intensity of damage to plants of two grape varieties by grape thrips was not significant and did not exceed the economically significant threshold of harmfulness, so it was decided not to carry out chemical treatments. The presence of a stable number of pest individuals suggests that the population may be capable of wider distribution.