Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The results of studies of the productivity of different graft-rootstock combinations of the Stenley plum variety in the submontane zone of the Krasnodar Region on floodplain soils are presented. The stability of various plum rootstocks to unfavorable soil parameters was studied. The characteristics of the soil cover of the site and prospective domestic rootstocks for large-stone fruit crops are given. It was revealed that the main negative parameters of alluvial-meadow heavy-loamy soils, leading to a decrease in productivity and oppression of plants, are the periodic rise in the groundwater level and low fertility (very low availability of organic matter and mobile phosphorus). The variation exhibitions in the condition and yield of trees on these soils, depending on the rootstock, is established. In the leveled areas with periodic rise of the ground water level and stagnation of excess moisture at a depth of at least 120 cm from the soil surface, plum trees on all the studied rootstocks were in satisfactory condition. However, plum trees planted in 2015 on the rootstocks of PK SK-1, PK SK-2, 934 and 935 were more productive (5.7-6.6 t/ha). In low relief elements (gullies, swales, closed depressions), where stagnation of excess moisture in the soil profile at a depth of 80 cm or less is observed, depression and death of plum trees take place. The greatest resistance of plants to these conditions was noted on the rootstocks of PK SK�2 and 935. In these edaphoclimatic conditions, the most resistant to periodic long-term overwatering of the root layer of the soil are graft-rootstock combinations of Stenley/PC SK�2 and Stenley/935. These trees have the highest yield and the lowest percentage of plant death.

Annotation

In the fruit plantations cultivated on intensive technologies, in order to obtain the objective data on the supply of soils with food elements, it is necessary to use the improved methodological approaches to assess the parameters of soil fertility and the application of original method for selecting the soil samples for following analytic research. The purpose of our research is to find the patterns of changes in the parameters of soil fertility of industrial apple plantations cultivated with regular local application of mineral fertilizers and low-volume irrigation. As a result of soil-agrochemical study of fruit plantings on alluvial-meadow soils, a significant change in the parameters of soil fertility was established in case of local application of mineral fertilizers and low-volume soil moisture. It is shown when fertigation in the places of local fertilizing the movable phosphorus content in the 0-30 cm layer of apple garden soil increased in 98,3-251,1 mg / kg soil, and exchangeable potassium � in 66-421 mg / kg soil; as compared with the areas outside the area of mineral fertilizers localization. The changes found in the levels of soil provision with nutrients should be taken into account when planning the fertilizers system in the perennial plantations cultivated on intensive technologies. The result of research show that the long-term use of drip irrigation in the industrial apple orchards has led to the accumulation of soluble salts (especially sodium ions), to alkalization and qualitative change in the content of exchangeable cations in the soil-absorbing complex in the areas of local soil moisture. To reduce the negative impact of irrigation on the soil properties, it is expedience to use the physiologically acidic fertilizers during irrigation of apple garden, and also to carry out the periodic neutralization of irrigation water by acid.