Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The grape-berry moth and bollworm which can significantly (on 20-100 %) reduce the productivity of vine plants on separate stages of ontogenesis are the stable harmful types of pests of Lepidoptera. For biological and ecological grapes protection against these pests the scientifically based methods to predict the dynamics of development (taking into account their harmfulness) under different weather conditions are required. Under the conditions of Krasnodar Region the biology of grape-berry moth is the most studied from Lepidoptera pests. Bollworm is polyphage and relatively new pest of vineyards. In accordance with the objective of study the monitoring of dynamics of grape-berry moth and bollworm is carried out on the plots where the number of imago of bollworm and the harmful stage of second and third generation of the pest are determined. These study are directed for obtaining of new knowledge about the biology bollworm under the influence of abiotic and technogenic factors. It is shown that pheromones may be by criterion tool to define of density of settling of plants of bollworm and a great way to refine the time of its treatments by protective means and even to be a method to reduce in number of pest. It is noted that in the fight against grape-berry moth more than 30 preparations of chemical and biological origins are allowed to use and the choice of protective means depends on the degree of settling of vineyards by grape-berry moth. When the settlement of vineyards is low the Lepidocid provides the high biological efficiency. It is established that at strong settling of vineyards of grape-berry moth the sufficient effect is provided by Pirineks, Avant, Insegar and B-58 new.

Annotation

The purpose of our study is to clarify the harmfulness of root and leaf forms of phylloxera; to define the resistance of zoned and perspective grapes varieties to the leaf form of phylloxera; to identify the main actions in the fight against quarantine vermin. The research are carried out in the collection planting of Krasnodar Region using the phytosanitary monitoring of vineyards. To assess the resistance of varieties to harmful organisms the domestic scale is used, it is more convenient for modeling of grapes protection systems against vermin and pathogens. The results of long-term inspections of vineyards in the Krasnodar Region is presented in the article. The field resistance of zoned and perspective grapes varieties to a leaf form of phylloxera is shown and the preparations for protection of plants against this vermin form are estimated. It is established, that resistance of zoned and perspective grapes varieties to a leaf form of phylloxera is determined not only by the morphological and physiological features of varieties, but also by the degree of bushes by vermin colonization, that causes the spreading of vermin on the varieties previously, considered as resistant. It is noted, that therefore it is inexpedient in one planting to select the grapes varieties with different resistance to leaf form of phylloxera. The principle of selection of varieties in one planting is the data of ripening and uniform protection of plantings against harmful organisms. It is noted, that an assortment of preparation to fight against a leaf form of phylloxera is small now. The preparations approved for use against a quarantine vermin have the high toxicity and adverse influence on the useful fauna. Therefore the laying of new vineyards needs planting material free from a root form of phylloxera.