Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of the research is to study the introduced technical grapevine varieties of various ecological and geographical origin; to identify the adaptive, economic and technological potential of the samples in order to select genotypes with improved economically significant properties under the condition of the Lower Don Region. The study of the varieties was carried out in 2017-2019 at the Ya.I. Potapenko Don ampelographic collection (Novocherkassk), according to generally accepted methods and State Standards in viticulture. Based on the results of research and observations, the data of phenological phases, economic and valuable indicators of varieties (yield, average mass of the bunch, crop conditions, etc.) are obtained, as well as wine tasting evaluations. According to the number of days (from budding to full maturity of berries), the varieties were ripening by maturation period: from early-middle to late period. Very high yield was in 7 varieties: Adreuli Shavi, Norok, Megrabuir, Nakutvneuli, Merlot, Tashkentskiy, Goruli Mtsvane. The average bunch weight of the studied varieties varied from 69 g (Mudjuretuli) to 502 g (Adreuli Shavi). It is noted a very high sugar content of berry juice (more than 23 g/100 cm3) in 8 varieties � Barhatniy, Merlot, Vlesh, Amlahu, Riesling Muscatniy, Mudjuretuli, Rubinoviy Magaracha, Dimatskun. Dry table wines from the following varieties received the high tasting ratings (a passing score of 8.2): Riesling Rhenskiy (8.8 points), Rubinoviy Magaracha, Grubela, Cabernet Sauvignon (8.7 points). Eleven samples were rated at 8.6 points. Wines from the Mudjuretuli, Amlahu, Megrabuir, VIR-1 received 8.5 points. A liqueur wine made from the Barhatniy grape variety received 8.7 points. The complex agrobiological and economically valuable characteristics under the conditions of the Lower Don Region we pointed out the varieties: Rubinoviy Magaracha, Cabernet Sauvignon, Dimackun, Goruli Mtsvane, Nakutvneuli, Norok, Riesling Muscatniy, Merlot, Grdzelmtebana, Megrabuir, Grubella and Tashkenskiy.

Annotation

Ampelographic collection perform major fundamental and priority applied functions in the accumulation and preservation of the gene pool of grapes. Lately there is a tendency to the revival of indigenous varieties. Aboriginal, ancient grape varieties in the different regions of cultivation, and the wild forms are the most valuable part of the world gene pool of culture. The aim of our work was to identify the valuable genotypes of native varieties with improved adaptive, business and wine properties for winemaking of high quality. This article presents the results of agrobiological and technological study of six white aboriginal Don grapes varieties. The research was carried out in 2008-2014 at the ampelographic collection of ARRIV&W (Novocherkassk, Russia). The quality of the white table wines are especially influenced by such factors as environmental conditions, the varietal characteristics of a grapes, the technology of cultivation and processing of grapes. An important result of our research is the qualitative estimation of wine materials made from studied varieties. The varieties Mahrovatchik and Kumshatskiy Beliy had the high yield. Very high sugar content was observed in the variety Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy, high in the varieties - Shampanchic-2, Durman, Kumshatskiy Beliy. The highest tasting score got the wine from the variety Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy - 8.9 points. Varieties Mahrovatchik and Kumshatskiy Beliy stand out for complex of agronomic traits. They are recommended for industrial grapes under the nature plantations in conditions the Lower Don area. In breeding as sources of valuable technological and economical-biological features, it is recommended to use - Mahrovatchik, Kumshatskiy Beliy and Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy grapes varieties.

Annotation

The research was carried out in 2015-2020 at the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). The object of the research was a native Don grape variety Kosorotovskiy. The Pukhlyakovskiy variety was the control. According to morphological characteristics and biological properties, Kosorotovskiy belongs to the varieties of the Black Sea basin. The study of grape varieties was carried out using methods generally accepted in viticulture and National Standards. The varieties were studied in a covered and grafted culture on the Kober 5BB rootstock. The planting scheme of bushes was 3.0 x 1.5 m. According to the average data of agrobiological records and observations, the Kosorotovskiy variety had 59.6 % of blossoming buds, 48.5 % of fruiting shoots, the fruitfullness coefficient was 0.7, the average mass of a bunch was 297 g, yield capacity � 5.2 kg/bush. According to the mechanical analysis of the bunch, the percentage content to the bunch weight was following: juice � 77.7 %; stems � 3.3 %; pomace � 15.0 %; seeds � 4.0 %. According to the results of uvological assessment: the size of a bunch is 16.8 cm long, 9.7 cm wide, the size of the berry is18.4 mm long, 16.3 mm wide, the average weight of a berry � 3.3 g, the sugar content of the berry juice � 20.2 g/100 cm3 with a titratable acidity of 7.5 g/dm3 . The Kosorotovskiy variety is technologically advanced, quickly clarified, does not require additional processing techniques. The wine is transparent, shiny, straw-colored with a greenish tint. The aroma is clean, well-formed, with light floral and fruity tones. The taste is full and harmonious. The average wine tasting score was 8.6 points (at the level of the control variety Pukhlyakovskiy). According to the results of the study of agrobiological, technological, ecological and economically valuable properties, the Kosorotovskiy variety is not inferior to the control variety Pukhlyakovskiy and can be recommended for inclusion in the assortment of grape plantations of the Lower Don region. It is also recommended to use this variety in breeding for the genetic improvement of white technical grape varieties as a source of valuable economic, biological and technological properties for high-quality winemaking.

Annotation

The grapevine for thousands years have been growing on the vast territory of the earth under different environmental conditions. The favorable climatic condition is the main factor for the successful cultivation of grapes. The native cultivars from different regions of cultivation is the most valuable part of world gene pool of the crop. The purpose of our work is to select the valuable genotypes of the autochthonous varieties with improved adaptive, economic and technological properties for high-quality wine-making (including not enough spreading and rare native varieties). The object of the research is indigenous Don variety of Makhrovatchik and control variety of Rkatsiteli. The research were conducted in 2008-2015 in an ampelographic collection of the All-Russian Research Ya.I. Potapenko Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking (Novocherkassk). The study was carried out using the modern and classic techniques. Having compared the agrobiological indicators, we note that the Makhrovatchik grapes by most indexes surpass the control variety of Rkatsiteli. Variety of Makhrovatchic has the higher percentages of buds break, coefficient of fruiting, average weight of bunches, productivity and yield capacity. Under the conditions of the micro winemaking the yield of the wort amounted to more than 65%. The wine has a pale straw color, the bright aroma with notes of wild herbs and flowers, the light honey tone, the taste substantial, rounded with long aftertaste. Wine tasting score is 8,6 points, that is the same level that control Rkatsiteli. Analysis of the results of long-term research has shown that Makhrovatchik grapes stands out by complex of agronomic characteristics with improved adaptive and technological properties for high-quality wine-making. Taking into account the facts above, we recommend the variety of Makhrovatchik for assortmen's expansion of production plantations under the conditions of the Lower Don Region.

Annotation

The research was carried out in 2016-2019 at the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). The subject of the study is eight native Georgian grapevine varieties: Adreuli shavi, Amlakhu, Vernakhi, Goruli mtsvane, Grdzelmtevana, Grubela, Mujuretuli, Nakutvneuli. Control varieties were Sibirkovyi and Krasnostop Zolotovskiy � the Don native varieties. It was found that the studied varieties had high rates of bud break (70-80.3 %). The average cluster weight varied from 74 g (Mujuretuli) to 459 g (Adreuli shavi). Most of the studied varieties had a high average cluster weight (Adreuli shavi � 459 g, Grubela � 428 g). The estimated yield capacity was shown: more than 17 t/ha had Adreuli shavi and Nakutvneuli varieties, high yield capacity (12�17 t/ha) � Goruli mtsvane, average yield capacity (from 9 to 12 t/ha) � Grubela, Grdzelmtevana, Amlakhu, Vernakhi and two control varieties. Mujuretuli variety had low yield capacity � (3.6 t/ha). Characteristics of grape yield were following: very high sugar content of berry juice (over 23 g/100 cm3 ) in Krasnostop Zolotovskiy and Grdzelmtevana varieties; high sugar content (21�23 g/100 cm3 ) � in Amlakhu, Mujuretuli, Goruli mtsvane, Sibirkovyi varieties. All studied varieties have passed the technological assessment, dry table wines (white or red) were prepared. Wines from the control varieties received high tasting marks of 8.8�8.9 points (on a 10-point scale). At the level or slightly lower were the grades for the wines from the Grubela (8.8) and Goruli mtsvane (8.7 points) varieties. According to the results of the research, white technical grapevine varieties Grubela, Goruli mtsvane, Grdzelmtevana, and red technical variety Nakutvneuli were identified as promising in terms of a set of economically valuable features and high quality of wine products. These varieties are also recommended to be used in breeding for creating varieties with high technological properties for high-quality winemaking.