Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the article the stages of formation of the VIR squash collection and the ways of mobilization of new samples are given. Currently the collection represented by the five cultural species and counts 2567 accessions from 97 countries. Of these, 1035 - local varieties-populations, 1477 - breeding varieties, 25 - hybrids, 30 - inbred lines and donors of valuable breeding traits. The increase in the collection is carried out in the following areas: the collection of local forms with a high degree of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and valuable biochemical composition; the attracting the best world achievements of modern breeding. For the last five years the squash collection was increased on 102 new samples. As a result of study of the squash samples the local samples, characterized by excellent taste, high yielding, early maturing, resistant to the complex of diseases, with a high content of carotene, were selected. In the article the level of genetic study of the morphological and biological traits is analyzed. The genetic collection of squash are created, which presents with the following traits: watermelon mosaic virus resistance - gene Wmv(1 acc,), naked seeds - gene n (22 acc.); bush habit - gene Bu (40 acc.); spaghetti flesh - gene sp (6 acc.); parthenocarpy - (16 accessions and 14 lines). Genetic collection of marker traits includes the following signs: yellow-green young leaves - gene v (2 acc.), rosette leaf - gene ro (1 acc.). On the basis of the identified gene pool of a squash in VIR (Kuban experimental station and Pushkin laboratories) the research on creation of donor of valuable breeding traits is carried out. Donors of bush habit, fruit quality, high content of carotene, a yellow color of the fruit, with related positive characteristics such as early maturity, high productivity, resistance to diseases are created.