Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The data on influence of lead cations on men's gametophyte of fruit crops are absent and it makes urgent the scientific pilot study of this problem. Experimental studying of resistance to stress of a men's gametophyt of fruit plants is possible when modeling the negative situations under the conditions "in vitro". The laboratory method of research of pollen growing up on artificial nutrient medium is wide spreading. In a number of research it is shown that viability of pollen under the conditions "in vitro" is significantly higher, than "in vivo". In the research for the experimental analysis of a hemo resistance of a men's gametophyt we used the pollen of 10 genotypes of a pear, 9 - cherries and 3 genotypes of sweet cherries. The analysis of functional activity of a men's gametofit of fruit crops was carried out by the modernized D.A. Trankovsky's technique, taking into account an indicator of growing up of pollen grains on the artificial nutrient medium under the conditions "in vitro". The laboratory analysis did not reveal the significant inhibiting influence of cations of heavy metals, on the example of lead salts, on functional activity of men's gametophyt of genotypes of a pear, cherry and sweet cherry. The positive effect of nitric food in a nitrate form on growing up "in vitro" of pear pollen grains is established. It means that the choice of nitrates of toxic metals as selective agents when studying a men's gametophyt of fruit plants is inadmissible. In the conclusion of article is noted that the level of impurity of the environment of chemical pollyutants significantly influences on the degree of fertility and viability of pollen of many species of fruit plants, therefore the morpho-physiological indicators of pollen grains noted in our research can be the marker signs of territories bioindication.