Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Viruses are the dangerous pathogens of garden crops and they widely extend with the infected planting material. The fight against viruses in the field conditions is impossible therefore the transfer of plant nursery to a virus-free basis and a strict following to require-ments of planting material's certification. The purpose of our research is a studying of viruses spreading on fruit and berry crops in the conditions of the Central Re-gion of Russia. Research was conducted in 2013-2016 in the orchards of the Moscow, Bryansk, Belgorod and Ryazan regions. Data of carried out research show that the viruses contamination of studied pome crops was varied within 43-71%, the stone fruit crops � 40-59%, berry crops � 16-67%. The apple varieties and rootstocks in general were less infected by latent viruses in comparison with pear vatieties and rootstocks. There are ASPV and ACLSV viruses on the apple and pear varieties; there are ACLSV virus on the apple clonal rootstocks; the ASGV and ApMV viruses are on the pear rootstocks. The ilarviruses of PNRSV and PDV had the greatest distribution on the stone fruit crops. High-er frequency of occurrence is noted on raspberry for the RBDV and RpRSV viruses; on a blackcurrant and a gooseberry �for the RpRSV virus; on a strawberry � for the TBRV virus. The plants, free from the main harmful viruses, are revealed: of apple-tree � 13 varieties, pear � 8, cherry � 9, plum � 4, sweet cherry � 4, clonal rootstocks, stocks of an apple-tree � 3, clonal rootstocks of the stone fruit crops � 11, raspberry � 22, a strawberry � 9, a gooseberry � 15, currants black and red � for 5 varieties.