Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

At the present stage of development of fruit growing the elaboration of new technically and economically effective approaches to cultivation and protection of fruit crops dictates the need of scientific based control of the number of harmful and useful components of an agricultural cenosis of fruit garden. Research on dynamics f specific composition of phytophages and identification of the prevalence types in the fruit orchards acquire a special relevance. The purpose of this work is to carry out the analysis of a phytosanitary condition of fruit orchards of the Crimea, to establish the changes of taxonomical structure and their reasons, to select the economically significant and dominating species of phytophages. The research was carried out in 2002-2016 in the fruit orchards of three regions of Crimea. The specific and quantitative structure of arthropods in the gardens was defined according to methodical recommendations. An analysis of the dynamics entomofauna changes in the fruit orchards of Crimea are presented in the article. It is established that the protection means applicated in the technologies of fruit crops growing are responsible for the formation of a certain group of dominant phytophagouses. It was found that during the period from 2002 to 2016 in the apple orchards the Lepidoptera share decreased in 8.0 %, Homoptera and Coleoptera remained were at the same level, and the share of phytophagous mites increased in 7% due to the appearance of species not previously encountered. It is noted that the pear gardens occupy only 10% of the territory because this crop is more exacting to conditions of cultivation, storage and protection. The prevalence phytophage is Psylla pyri L., reducing the commodity fruits qualities of 2/3 harvest, when expenses up to 140 thousand rub/hectare during the season.