Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Industrial lands of hazelnut need protection from water erosion, so the new plantation must use the technology with protection against erosion. Thanks to well developed root system and the longevity the hazelnut plants are used for reducing water erosion of soils, and consolidation of slopes. Biological features of hazelnut is the ability to form numerous stem, which is an important element in the formation of erosion protective orchards. We have been carried out the experience to create a new design of hazelnuts orchards, providing the high yielding and organization of stem over year. In the experience we used domestic hazelnut variety of native breeding � Cherkesskiy 2. The field and laboratory methods are used in research, as well as the methodology and program of fruit, nut and berry crops breeding. Over 10 years of research the productivity of hazelnuts, when stem were preserved in the lower half-meter of the area, was higher by 52.3% than one in the control (standard formation of intensive type), and by 62.5 % more than at the standard formation of type "Tatura", and by 2.6 times more in comparison with the cultivation system of hazelnuts by bushes. This advantage is achieved due to the greater mass of nuts and their amount. We made conclusion, that the design of erosion control of hazelnuts orchards is very promising from a position higher (by 2 time) yields of high quality nuts. This orchard construction is a big resource to prevent a soil erosion, to increase in fertility, to suppress weeds, to provide a mechanized harvesting, to reduce in the cost for removing of stem and it delivers more than twice the increase in economic indicators of nuts production.

Annotation

Huge shortage of hazelnut kernels in the Russian Federation it is possible to eliminate not only by the expansion of space for plants of this species, but with the implementation in production of new highly efficient technologies and by the using in the industrial plantations of high-yielding and high-technological varieties. With the development of agricultural production and transfer to deeper processing of the fruits, the requirements to the fruits production are changed. The fruits of the nut should be rounded, with high output kernels (not below 48 %), easy to separate from the shell, the nut peel should have a low cork, calibre of kernel is 13-15 mm. For more than 40 years on the territory of Krasnodar nut state variety plot of FSBI "Cossortcomissia", with the assistance of scientists of the Kuban State Agrarian University, more than forty varieties of hazelnut were tested. Organization of experience, surveys and observations were conducted by us in accordance with the Program and methods of variety's study of fruit, berry and nut crops. The agricultural care and protection of walnut plantations from pests and diseases were carried out according to the regional norms recommended for the protection of fruit plants. Based on the long-term testing it have been selected the varieties recommended for industrial hazelnut growing, suitable for efficient cultivation in the considered horticulture areas of the Krasnodar Region. There are high-technological introduced varieties: from Azerbaijan � Ata-Baba and from countries of Western Europe � Louise, Gustav, Buttner, Kadetten, Chudo Bollvillera with large fruits capable for production. For use in the landscape design it is possibly to use the hazelnut varieties of Academic Yablokov, Moscovskiy Rubin and Italian variety of Purpurea.