Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Climate change had led to evaporability increase during the winter and spring periods in Nonchernozem, Chernozem and Southern zones of Russia. Assessment of air environment and plants condition on January till April is characterized by evaporability on N.N. Ivanovs formula. It was defined that the highest evaporability during the winter and spring periods occurs in an average zone of Russia at positive temperatures of April. The value of evaporation is 50% of total amount from November to April, 20% on March and 30% for the period from November to February. Injuriousness of this phenomenon is associated with violation of a water mode of fruit plants. For the solution of this problem in gardening it is necessary to estimate an indicator of winter hardiness of plants by level of transpiration losses determined by value of an evaporability. On the practical term the developed actions have to be directed on decrease of water losses by introduction of varieties combining together with sufficient frost resistance and high water-retaining ability of annual shoots of wood cultures and leaves of grassy plants. The last trait should be supported by timely and correct application of known agrical technics according to the maintenance of soil and according to the works in the plantings of fruit and berry crops. By results of research the conclusion is drawn: it is necessary to estimate fully and accurately the activity of plants under the changed climatic conditions. The more perfect and high-quality selection of assortment of fruit and berry crops will be made as a result.