Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The requirements of hazelnut for light, heat and soil correspond to the soil and climatic conditions of the lowland and foothill part of the Daghestan Republic, the hazelnut is widely cultivated here, especially in the South, However its yield is rather unstable and relatively low. Therefore, in order to increase in the yield of hazelnut plantations, it is necessary to optimize the process of plants pollination. Hazelnut is a rather frost-resistant crop that easily withstands the cold temperatures of 20-25 º� in a state of winter rest, and such varieties as Tambovskiy Ranniy and Tambovskiy Pozdniy are up to minus 40 º�. On the other hand, the male inflorescences (earrings) of hazelnut, according to literary data, withstand the temperatures of minus 5-7 � C. For blooming in winter and to the same wind-pollinated plant, all this is a serious obstacle to the annual normal fruiting. In connection with the foregoing, a detailed study of the hazelnut phenolo-gy in the flowering and pollination phase in specific soil and climatic conditions is becoming relevant, with using the specific variety or varieties for region. Therefore, in this paper there is the task, in the course of phenological observations, to establish the time of male and female flowers opening in the most popular population of Ata Baba in Daghestan, and to determine the temperature conditions necessary for a full flowering of plants. This article describes the phenology of flowering Ata Baba hazelnut due to its species and varietal features under the climatic conditions of the studied zone in the connection with issues of pollination and formation of yield.