Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The paper gives the data on microscopic examination of vines of the studied varieties cultivated in various regions as compared with varieties from the vineyards of Closed Join Stocking named after Sh.G. Aliyev, Derbent Region Republic of the Daghestan. Unlike introduced plants, the domestic cultivars possess such hereditary signs as high adaptability, quality and productivity. The highest economic productivity potential can be demonstrated by grapevine varieties and clones in their natural habitats. Introduced clones surpass the analogs, by their adaptive potential, yield capacity and quality indicators of wine products. Productivity analysis for vineyards with different variety grapes expressed through the potential fruiting capacity of the shoots allows to forecast the yield and determine the pruning and loading parameters for the vine bush in order to implement the productive capacity and to obtain the optimum of standard harvest. The suggested approach to determine the potential productivity can be used on other varieties and in the different grape cultivation zones and recommended to optimize the using regime of grape varieties of various types. The fruitfulness ratio val-ues (K1) of the winemaking grape varieties of Pervenetz Magaracha and Tsitronny Magaracha is average1.13, those of table grape varieties of Shokoladny and Podarok Zaporozhya is 0.95. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the average K1 values of the newly introduced varieties (K1 = 1.13) were higher than the K1 value of the control (K1 = 0.91) and were characterized as high; K1 = 0.79 of the table varieties tested are average, while the control variety showed a very high �1 value of 1.28. The maximum K1 values were registered for Pervenets Magaracha winemaking grape variety at the level of the 7th bud (K1 = 1.75) and Khatmi table grapes K1 = 1.86, control � at the level of the 6th bud.