Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Quality of extract is one of the most important indicator of the wines of different types. Its content in the wine depends on the grape components and the products of the wine yeast vital activity. The concentration of the extractive grape components depends on the variety, the conditions of its growth and agrotechnology of cultivation. It is established a change in the mass concentration of extractive substances and testing estimation of white and red table wine materials depending on the soil maintenance, the load of grape bushes by harvest, the application of antitranspirants, the exposure of slopes and parts of the bunches used for wine materials. It is shown in our research that for Chardon grapes the turfing of soil in the comparison with the control ��black vapor soil� � a quantity of the extract was lowered on 12-15 %, with processing of grapes by antitranspirant � on 12 %, with the cultivation of grapes only on the Southern slope � on 9 %. In wine material from the Cabernet-Sovinon grapes the index of the extract increased both with soil turfing (by 1,1-1,4 time) and with a change in the load (by 1,1-1,2 times). This index was also higher on the Southern slopes, than that for the control version and for the Northern slopes (26,1 mg/dm3 against 23,1 mg/dm3). For the testing estimation of Chardon wine material the greatest positive influence was shown in the case of grapes processing by Vapor Gard antitranspirant as well the increase in the load of bush. The soil turfing led to an increase in wine material acidity and reduction in its testing estimation. The use of soil turfing, and Vapor Gard antitranspirant as well as the arrangement of bushes on the Southern slope led to an improvement in the organoleptic mer-its of wine materials from Cabernet-Sovinon grapes.

Annotation

The purpose of the work is to establish the influence of grape top dressings and biofertilizers on the composition of volatile components of cognac wine materials and distillates. The object of research was the Aligote grape variety, in the cultivation of which biofertilizer and top dressing with Gumel Lux, Fylloton and Agrumax preparations were used. The grapes were processed using the technology of white dry wines, after which they were distilled to obtain cognac distillates. Quality control of cognac distillates was carried out according to GOST methods and using gas chromatography. It was found that the use of top dressing, especially Fylloton, led to an increase in the concentration of higher alcohols. A similar effect, but to a lesser extent, was exerted by the introduction of biofertilizer obtained on the basis of grape pomace. In all experimental variants, an increase in acetaldehyde concentration was observed compared to the control, especially in samples produced from grapes in the cultivation of which Fylloton and biofertilizer were used. In a wide range, the concentration of ethyl acetate varied � from 278 mg/dm3 in the control to 352 mg/dm3 when using Fylloton. The concentration of ethyl acetal varied from 17.0 (Agrumax) to 36.4 mg/dm3 in the control, i.e. the use of all studied top dressings led to a decrease in the amount of ethyl acetal. The concentration of higher alcohols increased significantly in all experimental variants, especially when using Fylloton. The variation in acetic acid concentrations ranged from 221 (control) to 277 (Fylloton) mg/dm3 . All samples of cognac distillates in terms of organoleptic indicators met the requirements of regulatory documentation and were characterized by a mild taste with tones of fresh grapes in the aroma.

Annotation

The appearance of wine products with a protected geographical indication (PGI) and with a protected appellation of origin (PAO) gave rise to an urgent issue in the study of the characteristic indicators of the quality of wines depending on the region where the grapes grow. Establishing patterns of changes in various quality indicators of wines with PGI, PAO (color characteristics, cationic-anionic composition, organoleptic descriptor analysis, etc.) in terms of climatic conditions for growing grapes and geographical origin is relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color characteristics of dry white wines with a protected geographical indication. High-quality white wines with Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) produced in the territory of the geographical zones �Kuban. Taman Peninsula� and �Kuban. Krymsk� by the enterprises of OFO �APF �Fanagoria�, OOO �Kuban-Vino�, OOO �Golubitskoe Estate�, AF �Sauk-Dere�, OOO �Lefkadia�. The studies were carried out using laboratory methods of analysis. Intensity (I), shade (N), yellowness (G) were calculated for the instrumental evaluation of the color of the studied white wines, and the CIE Lab color space was also used. The conducted studies have demonstrated differences in the instrumental assessment of color for all indicators of dry white wines with a protected geographical indication, depending on the zone �Kuban. Taman Peninsula� and �Kuban. Krymsk�. Differences in the values of such indicators as the intensity, tint and yellowness of the color within each group of samples, divided by geographical zones, were also observed depending on the content of the total amount of phenols. The use of the CIE Lab color space for assessing the color of wines demonstrated differences in the numerical values of the trichromatic coordinates L*, a*, b*, as well as in color expression.