Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

A series of 11 clonal rootstocks, which are of value for use in intensive type technologies for the cultivation of plums, peaches and apricots, has been bred at the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station. They are characterized by adaptability, productivity, weak growing and easy vegetative propagation. The effectiveness of their use in the North Caucasus is shown. The best varietyrootstock plum home combinations have been identified and proposed for use in production plantations: Kubanskaya Legenda/VVA 1, Kabardinskaya Rannyaya/VVA 1, Golubaya Mechta/VVA 1, Ballada /VVA 1, Ballada/VVA 1, Kubanskaya Legenda / Best, Kabardinskaya Rannyaya/ Best; for russian plum: Globus/VVA 1, Kubanskaya Cometa/VVA 1; for peach: Pamyat� Simirenko/Vesennee Plamya, Pamyat� Simirenk /Evrika 99; for apricot: Krasnoshchekiy/Evrika 99, Krasnoshchekiy/Druzhba. For a wide production testing for compatibility and use in intensive technologies, are the most promising the new weak-growing rootstocks of Best and Upryamets. It has been established that all recommended rootstocks reproduce well with green and lignified cuttings, especially the clonal rootstocks of Kuban 86, Evrika 99, Best. Clonal rootstocks of Best, VVA 1, Evrika 99 are well compatible with all varieties of plums, apricots and peaches. High winter hardiness and drought tolerance of all studied clonal rootstocks were established. The highest winter hardiness, even in the middle zone of fruit growing in Russia, was observed in clonal rootstocks of VVA 1, Druzhba, Best, Evrika 99, and Upryamets. High stability to drought was identified in Kuban 86, Evrika 99, VSV 1, Zarevo rootstocks; resistance to chlorosis � in Kuban 86 and VSV 1; resistance to soil waterlogging � in VVA 1, Evrika 99, Zarevo, Upryamets; resistance to soil pathogens � in Kuban 86, Alab 1, VVA 1 rootstocks.

Annotation

The results of rooting the perspective clonal rootstocks for sweet cherry (P. avium) and sour cherry (P. cerasus) as well as was explored their compability with scion in the nursery are presented. The work was carried out at the base of the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch in the rows, mist-forming systems for growing clonal rootstocks and nursery. The objects were clone forms that tested for rooting by lignified and green cuttings as well as their use as rootstocks of sweet cherries and sour cherries. The results of the research show that the tested forms have a high percentage of rooting the lignified and green cuttings. It was determined that the forms of C 56-12×VSL 2, C 39-4, A-9×VSL 2 (2341-1) and the LORY series have tolerance to cuttings which are infected by a ringspot virus. All tested forms in the nursery are well compatible with the varieties of sweet cherry and sour cherry, however, the Vstrecha cherry variety with rootstocks of VSL 2 and RVL 9 displays the mechanical incompatibility. Saplings that have been grafted on the exploratary forms begin to branch in the nursery, laying the first side-shoot at height of 50-70 cm. The tests with the sweet cherry variety of Lapins have shown that applying of RVL 8 rootstocks, which had been obtained by Krymsk EBS in 2000, contributes the better branching of saplings in the nursery and the increasing of inclination of the branch from stem over 75 �. It is shown that the rootstocks that were studied have different growth vigor: the characteristics of C 56-12 ×VSL 2, A-9 ×VSL 2 2341-1, RVL 8 and Grizela 6 are the semi-vigorous and semi-dwarfs rootstocks. The series LORY and RVL 9 are the vigorous rootstocks.