Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The paper presents an assessment of the effectiveness of clonal propagation of promising clonal rootstocks for cherry and sweet cherry. The demand in clonal rootstocks for small-stone crops is due to the intensification of their production. Clonal rootstocks of FSBSI NCFSCHVW breeding of the AI series meet the requirements for rootstocks: they provide restrained plant growth, a compact crown of trees, and are adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region. AI rootstock explants are best introduced during the period of active shoot growth from April 3rd to early June for propagation of rootstocks in in vitro culture. In this period, the regeneration of explants is the highest and, depending on the genotype, varies from 67.6 to 75.6 % in AI 1, from 7.2 to 83.4% in AI 11 and from 66.7 to 75, 85% in AI 70. At the stage of multiplication in the presence of 6-BAP at a concentration of 1 mg/l, all rootstocks develop well on Murashige-Skoog (MS) and DKW nutrient media. The largest number of shoots already after the first passage was noted on the DKW medium with the addition of Fe-EDDHA � 6.0-8.4 units/exp, with the addition of iron chelate Fe-EDTA, depending on the doubling, it is 4.6 up to 6.3 shoots per explant. In the control variant, 3.9 to 4.9 shoots are formed from one explant on MS medium with Fe-EDTA. In general, AI 11 and AI 70 rootstocks have a higher reproduction potential in all variants. Dispersion analysis showed a reliable influence of the factors �Nutrient medium� and �Form of iron chelate� on the reproduction coefficient for all studied rootstocks. The interaction both factors was observed only in AI 70 rootstocks. At the stage of micropropagation of AI series rootstocks, it is recommended to use DKW nutrient medium with iron chelate form Fe-EDDHA (100 mg/l) and 6-BAP 1.0 mg/l.

Annotation

In vitro micropropagation of garden strawberry and the establishment of micropropagation protocols are important tools for obtaining large quantities of planting material. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to propagate berry crops in vitro in order to obtain virus-free plants of high quality. However, despite the large number of studies on micropropagation of garden strawberry, the modification of the main method remains relevant today, since each variety has its own specific requirements for in vitro cultivation conditions. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of clonal micropropagation of garden strawberry variety Malvina. As a result of the work carried out, it was noted that it is effective to use a 0.5 % aqueous solution of OKA-TAB disinfectant tablets for sanitation of strawberry explants of the Malvina variety (exposure 5 minutes). The processing efficiency was 82.5 %. It has been established that at the stage of micropropagation of the strawberry variety Malvina, it is most effective to use the Murashige-Skoog medium with a kinetin content of 1.0 mg/l, which allows to obtain up to 15 shoots per explant. It was revealed that the strawberry root formation proceeds effectively on a hormone-free environment, in which from 4 to 6 roots are formed, the percentage of root formation was 95 %. The use of the microbiological preparation �EM Bio� at the stage of acclimatization of garden strawberry microplants to non-sterile ex vitro conditions contributed to an increase in the intensity of vegetative growth by 45-50 %. The plants had a stronger root system (56 % longer than in the control), and a higher adaptive capacity to ex vitro conditions.

Annotation

The article presents the results of evaluating the efficiency of propagation of garden strawberry varieties under in vitro conditions. The paper compared the strawberry varieties of the Italian selection Asia, Cleri, Quicky and the varieties of the selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW Nelli, Taira and Kemia. At the stage of introduction into in vitro culture, the Nelly varieties have a high level of regeneration � 80 %, Kemia and Asia � 73 %, Taira � 70 %, Clery � 62 %. The survival rate of explants Quicky variety was 34 %. A gradual increase in the concentration of 6-BAP during strawberry micropropagation increases the formation of strawberry shoots with each passage. An increase in the concentration of 6-BAP to 0.75 mg/l at the second passage contributes to an increase in the number of shoots by 1.5-2.7 times, depending on the genotype, and is 3.5-10.2 shoots. Increasing the concentration of 6-BAP to 1.0 mg/l at the third passage increases the number of shoots formed by another 8.9-31.4 % compared with the second passage and amounts to 5.1-11.3 shoots, depending on the variety. Thus, the varieties Taira, Nelli and Asia have a high breeding efficiency under aseptic conditions, on media with different hormonal composition, in total 22.7-26.0 microshoots per 3 passages, the average � varieties Clery and Kemiya � 13.7-14.8 shoots, low � variety Quicky � 10.7. The efficiency of rhizogenesis of regenerated plants of the studied strawberry varieties on a hormone-free Murashige-Skoog medium with half the content of macrosalts is 95-98 %. The successful rate of adaptation of microplants of the studied varieties ranges from 87 to 95 %.