Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The loading of grape bushes with a harvest must be carried out so that the most productive zone of grapes shoot could provide the largest level of realization of economic efficiency potential of varieties and high quality of grapes and wine production. The purpose of this work is to study the growth processes of grapes plants, and to determine the conformity of natural lows of placement of the most productive zone along shoot length and to optimize the regulation regime of growth functions and qualitative indicators of a harvest. The experimental research have been carried out under the very drought conditions of 2015 vegetation in the Black Sea agric and ecological viticulture area in the field stationary experiment. An object of our research is a Riesling Rhine technical grapes with the different scheme of bushes planting. In the course of work carrying out the unequal laying of grapes clusters along a shoot length of plant was found. The results of carried out research have shown that in years with the big deficit of an atmospheric precipitation and the bigger solar activity during vegetation the most productive area of shoot length of a grapes plant there was the fourth knot. In this zone of shoot the mass of grapes clusters was the greatest, but the smallest mass of clusters was on the second, first and fifth knots of shoot. On the other knots of shoots the grapes clusters were not observed. On the basis of the results of the field experiment we made the conclusion that for loading regulation of grapes bushes with a harvest it is recommended to leave on plants the most developed and large grapes clusters on the fourth shoot's knot and if it is necessary to remove the small and underdeveloped grapes clusters on the first and second knots of shoots.

Annotation

Research conducted in the different zones of the Krasnodar region, allow assume that the choice of bush forms for different varieties of grape should be differentiated, taking into account biological characteristics of the variety

Annotation

The content of the metals cations which are the main part of mineral salts in a grapes mash depends on many factors. Mineral substances take a part directly in the process of wine formation and define in many respects its stability and organoleptic properties. However it is known that cations of potassium, calcium and magnesium can take a part in the various physical and chemical processes leading to formation of wine dimness. In vine growing, from the point of view of quality and quantity of a crop, the order of placement of grapes bushes and the optimal area of plants nutrition have a great value. The identification of change of cationic structure of white table wines from a grapes of Riesling depending on various schemes of landing (the areas of food of bushes) was the purpose of these research. We defined the cationic composition of wine materials by system of a capillary electrophoresis on the Capel 105M device. Organoleptic indicators of wine materials were defined by the tasting commission of Scientific center of wine-making according to GOST 32051-2013. Processing of grapes was carried out by the technology of white dry wines under the conditions of shop of micro wine-making of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture". It is established that agric and technical measures, namely the area of plants nutrition, differently influence the accumulation of natural components in wine materials and their organoleptic assessment. It is shown that at increase in the area of grapes nutrition the concentration of cations of metals increased in the produced wine materials. The smallest total accumulation of metals cations and the highest tasting assessment are noted in the wine materials made from Riesling grapes with the scheme of bushes planting 3×2.

Annotation

The aim of this work is to study the agrobiological properties of the Riesling Rhine grape variety on the basis of the evaluation of growth processes activity, the laying of generative organs in the central buds of wintering grape buds, the ways of placing and keeping the bushes. It is necessary to study the biological properties of a grape plant, since without this knowledge, it is difficult to purposefully influence the functional activity of plants to obtain a crop of the required quality. The research was carried out in 2014-2017 in the field experiment on the basis of AZESViW (Anapa city). Objects of research: the technical middle growing of Riesling Rhine grape variety, and regulations for bushes keeping. The field stationar methods and laboratory methods were used. The article presents the results of revealing the agrobiological features of the studied grape variety under the conditions of the temperate continental climate of Southern Russia on the basis of studying the intensity of growth processes, the formation of generative organs and ways of locating and maintaining bushes in the vine plantations. As a result of research carried out the patterns of change in growth processes, the productivity of the Riesling Rhine and the quality of products under the influence of different methods of grape plants planting are revealed. More active growth and high leaf cover of shoots were observed in plantations with three-meter rows. It is shown that the productive zone of shoots is in the range of 2-5 internodes irrespective of the planting scheme. This biological feature of the variety should be taken into account when the selection of the method of bushes pruning. The quality of the experienced wine materials was quite high (tasting score from 7.8 to 8.0 points). The samples with the scheme of bushes planting of 3,5�2,0; 3,0�1,5 and 3,0�1,0 m were the best.

Annotation

Changes in climatic conditions have the greatest influence on such type of activity as agriculture in general, and viticulture in particular. Harmonization of environmental factors, biological features of a plant and agrotechnology in ampelocenosis is the main condition for efficient grape production. In this regard, the study of the influence of the planting scheme and the shoots load of the bush on the productivity of grapes and the quality of wine is a relevant area of research. The purpose of our work is to establish the optimal planting scheme and the schoots load of the Riesling grape bush, the identifying the dependence of productivity, quality indicators of grapes and wine on the applied agricultural technology in the context of local climate change. It was found that under stress conditions in 2018, the plantations with three-meter spacing had the highest economic productivity, and sparse and compacted plantations � the smallest. Under the influence of weather anomalies, a significant decrease in the average mass of the bunch and a decrease in the grape yield in the variants with a row spacing of 2.5 and 3.5 meters were observed. The most favorable for obtaining the high-quality products was 2017. In comparison with 2016, the difference in tasting evaluation ranged from 0.1 (with a scheme of 3.0 × 2.0 m) to 0.7 (with a landing scheme of 2.5 × 1.5 m). The most stable in quality Were the samples from grapes with three-meter spacing (7.8-8.0 points). The most stable quality of wine materials was observed from a grapes at vine planting scheme of 3.0 × 1.0 � the range of fluctuations with an increase in bush load from 40 to 70 thousand pcs / ha was 0.1 points with a maximum value of 8.0 with a load of 50 thousand pcs / ha.