Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the technical grades and new grape hybrid forms of Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking breeding answered the requirements of the modern market of wine industry and with ecological plasticity.

Annotation

Now in Russia the production of new types of wines is developing, for preparation of them the careful selection of assortment is necessary. Wine produktion has to conform to high requirements and differ consumer properties that in the production of qualitative wines are shown at certain agribiological and economic combinations of variety. Agribiological and economic and valuable features of perspective grapes variety of the technical direction � Pamyat Zotkinoy of the Anapa�s Zonal Experimental station of Viticulture and Winemaking (�ZESV&W) selection are shown in the article. The research, directed on definition of indicators of fructification of Pamyat Zotkinoy grapes, were carried out on vineyards of Experimental Industrial Enterprise "Anapa" of the Anapa�s area at the scheme of plants landing is 2,5×1,5 by m. The organoleptic assessment of the young wine made from grapes was carried out by a tasting method. Data of the conducted research allowed to give to studied variety a total characteristic on indicators of productivity and harvest (6-8 kg from a bush) and sugar capacity (20 g / 100 cm3). The variety has a high tolerance to a phylloxera. It is established that the wine prepared from studied grapes variety has the high organoleptic properties � delicate, bright, original flavor, especially in the dessert version, with a tasting assessment 8,9 points. The conclusion follows that the grapes variety Pamyat Zotkinoy of the technical direction, created at the Anapa Experimental Station, is capable to give qualitative raw materials for production of competitive wines.

Annotation

Studies of the introduced German technical Monarch grape variety were carried out in the Black Sea agro-ecological zone of viticulture in the Krasnodar Territory. In unstable weather conditions, the duration of the growing season from blooming buds to the full physiological maturity of grape berries was 135 days in 2018, and in 2019 was 125 days. The variety showed the signs of an adaptive response to changing weather conditions. With an acute deficit of precipitation and a slow increase in air temperature in 2018, the duration of the second phase of the vegetation from the beginning of bud blooming to the beginning of flowering was 11 days longer. The significant difference in the duration of the second and third phases of vegetation is explained by the adaptive reaction of the introduced variety to lower air temperature in late May and early June in 2018. The difference in average daily air temperature during the period of active shoot growth and at the beginning of flowering reached 4.6 ºC, the amount of precipitation was 4.3 times less, that promoted the accelerated ripening of grapes in 2018. The maximum air temperature on average during the ripening period of grape berries was equal to 33 º � in 2018, and 31 º� in 2019. The amount of precipitation was 3.3 times less than normal. The high adaptive reaction of the technical Monarch grape variety is of great practical importance for use in scientific purposes and in industrial production when creating the stable ampelocenoses in unstable weather conditions of Southern Russia.

Annotation

Study of phenology of universal grape variety Podarok Dmitria were carried out in the Black Sea agroecological zone of viticulture in the Krasnodar Territory. According to the data of research the variety shows the signs of earlymedium ripening and adaptive response under unstable weather conditions in the temperate continental climate of Southern of Russia. The signs of adaptation of this variety were most manifested during the ripening period of grape berries. The duration of the ripening period of grape berries in atypical weather conditions in 2018 was 17 days, 13 days less than in 2019. The accelerated ripening of grape berries was promoted by high solar insolation and an acute deficit of precipitation. The average daily air temperature in this period in 2018 was 3.5 �C higher than in 2019 and 1.8 �C higher than the average long-term norm. The amount of precipitation in 2018 was 13.5 times less than in 2019, 7.8 times less than the norm and amounted to 3.7 mm. In 2019, the low air temperature at the beginning of the growing of studied grape variety compared to 2018 contributed to a restrained bud opening, growth of shoots and inflorescences. A sharp warming in late May-early June contributed to an earlier start of plant flowering. The low temperature in the second half of the growing season compared to 2018 and the average longterm norm slowed down the physiological processes and made longer the periods of growth of grape berries.

Annotation

The need to increase the production of resistant to phylloxera high-quality varieties for ensuring the increasing of profitability of vine and winemaking industry is growing now. The results of work of breeding department of the Anapa Experimental Station of Vine growing and Winemaking for improvement of grapes assortment, creating forms steady against a root phylloxera are presented in the article. Degree of stability of the European grapes varieties to a phylloxera in the Anapa region of Krasnodar Region was researched. On a provocative background 300 varieties most extended in the viticulture areas of our country are tested. The varieties of the Black Sea area show the most resistance to phylloxera under these conditions. From the assortment of grapes varieties the Fillokseroustoychivy Dzhemete was allocated who was almost completely steady against a root form of a phylloxera. This variety was served as a parental form of new perspective grapes varieties. The conducted research allowed to allocate from hybrid fund of Anapa Experimental Station the perspective hybrid forms which except the resistance to phylloxera possess the high frost resistance, the long period of planting productivity, the high duality of fruits. The bushes of the allocated grapes hybrids are characterized by the strong growth and good ripening of shoots (70-75%). Average productivity of grapes orchards is 130-140 c/hectare. During research the new hybrid forms consistently were giving a quality harvest and possess a good sugar accumulate. The specified grapes hybrid forms are characterized by high quality of received wine material with an average tasting assessment of 7,8-7,9 points. These forms can be recommended for transfer to the State varieties testing of the Russian Federation with their further reproduction and distribution to all viticulture regions of Russia.